Collabarative learning community

It is Important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health promotion and disease preventive care. Collaborating with other health care professionals and consumer groups In the community In redesigning health care can help meet the goals for Healthy People 2020. Refer to http://www. healthypeople. gov/ to open the Healthy People home page. Select the â€Å"2020 Topics & Objectives† tab.Select one of the 42 â€Å"Healthy People† topic areas for improving health. Submit the proposed area to the instructor for approval. No group may work on the same focus area as another group. Develop a PowerPoint presentation (15-20 slides) with accompanying speaker's notes and citations. For help deslgnlng PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed In the Topic Materials. In the presentation, address the following: State the objective of the presentation.State the Healthy People 2020 focus area your group has selected and the rationale or selection of the specif ic focus area. Explain how the focus area relates to the individual, family and community and all age groups throughout the lifespan. Identify ways to enhance or optimize health in the selected focus area using evidence-based research. A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles must be utilized. Address the health disparity among different segments of the population for the selected focus area.Provide a brief description of at least two community resources and at least two ebsite resources for professionals and clients. Provide a brief profile of at least one health-related organization for the selected focus area While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in- text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a grading rubric.Instructors will be using the rubric to grade he assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. collabarative learning community By Roopneetkaur It is important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health professionals and consumer groups in the community in redesigning health care can For help designing PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed in the Topic Collabarative Learning Community It is important to promote the professional role of the nurse to provide health promotion and disease preventive care. Collaborating with other health care professionals and consumer groups in the community in redesigning health care can help meet the goals for Healthy People 2020.Refer to http://www.healthypeople.gov/ to open the Healthy People home page.Select the â€Å"2020 Topics & Objectives† tab.Select one of the 42 â€Å"Healthy People† topic areas for improving health. Submit the proposed area to the instructor for approval. No group may work on the same focus area as another group. Develop a PowerPoint presentation (15-20 slides) with accompanying speaker's notes and citations.For help designing PowerPoint slides, refer to the tutorial listed in the Topic Materials.In the presentation, address the following:State the objective of the presentation.State the Healthy People 2020 focus area your group has selected and the rationale for selection of the specific foc us area. Explain how the focus area relates to the individual, family and community and all age groups throughout the lifespan. Identify ways to enhance or optimize health in the selected focus area using evidence-based research. A minimum of three peer-reviewed articles must be utilized. Address the health disparity among different segments of the population for the selected focus area. Provide a brief description of at least two community resources and at least two website resources for professionals and clients.Provide a brief profile of at least one health-related organization for the selected focus area. While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; ther efore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

Forms of Business Organization Essay

The study of business organization is a study of complexity: as each business is different, each form of business organization is also unique. From a local hot-dog vendor to a trucking company, from a restaurant to a multinational, each business has different legal, moral and ethical concerns, and there is no â€Å"one-size-fits-all† approach to determine how a business should best be organized. Take the first two businesses, the hot-dog vendor and the trucking company, as an example: assume that each business is operated by a single individual. While one may argue that the proper form of organization for each would be a sole proprietorship, that would not be the case: the hot-dog vendor could clearly be operated as a sole proprietorship, but not the trucking company. Because of the nature of the trucking business, limiting the liability of the principals is vital: thus, the best form of organization for the trucking company would most likely be an LLC (limited liability company). There are six main forms of business organization, and each has very distinct advantages and disadvantages: some work best for small enterprises, some are better when outside vendors are involved, some are more suitable for larger companies†¦ indeed, there are many variables to consider when determining the organization of a business. Sole Proprietorship The most common form of business organization is called a sole proprietorship. The most common way to organize a business, Entrepreneur.com describes it thusly: The sole proprietorship is a popular business form due to its simplicity, ease of setup, and nominal cost. It is the easiest form of business to setup: again, according to Entrepreneur, a sole proprietor need only register his or her name and secure local licenses, and the sole proprietor is ready for business. As the business is not incorporated, all assets and liabilities relating to this form of business are under the control of the individual who started the business; thus, the business owner assumes full liability in the event of a legal judgment. In addition, as there is no legal protection for the business (it being indistinct from the owner), it is entirely possible for a sole proprietor to see their business liquidated as the result of a lawsuit. The owner has complete control of this form of business: no control has to be granted to anyone else. An advantage to this is that they retain all profits: nothing has to be shared with anyone else, and their return on investment is 100%. Income taxes are easy to calculate: a sole proprietor need only declare their business income on their individual tax form. Because of this, there is no real additional workload or burden to the owner unless they choose to do business under a name other than their own, in which case they would be required to register their business name with the particular jurisdiction they reside in. The location of the business only matters if an individual wants to avoid a particular jurisdiction’s individual income taxes (corporate taxes are not filed for this form of business): for instance, some states do not charge income tax. No separate legal entities have to be formed if the business changes location: the business is connected to the individual and the business exists as long as the individual chooses to operate it. This form of business has a limited longevity: according to Entrepreneur, sole proprietorships rarely survive the death or incapacity of their owners and so do not retain value. They generally dissolve upon the death of the principal and so cannot be passed on to heirs or others. General Partnership According to the Small Business Administration, a general partnership is a business owned by two or more people, with the business partners equally sharing the responsibilities of the business. Like a sole proprietorship, the individual owners of the business assume unlimited liability: it is possible for the business owners to be liquidated due to a legal judgment or the failure of the business. Additionally, because the actions of one of the partners are binding on all the others, the entire partnership can prosper or suffer due to the actions of a single member (The Free Dictionary). Also like a sole proprietorship, a general partnership is, as Quick MBA puts it, a â€Å"?†¦tax reporting entity, not a tax paying entity.†? In other words, the partnership is only a method of business organization; it is not a legal entity for tax purposes, and the individual business owners assume tax liability separately. The longevity of a partnership is potentially greater than a sole proprietorship: for example, since there are one or more other partners, the death of one member does not mean the end of the business since their share can be passed along to heirs. Control in a general partnership is shared equally: since there is no one owner, all decisions (and their effects) are shared equally. Profits are divided among the partners: while the liabilities are shared, the profits can sometimes be divided unequally upon agreement. This can affect return on investment: since it is possible to invest in a partnership without being an active member, it is possible to lose money on an investment if the active principals make decisions that affect the business negatively. As with a sole proprietorship, location is not a real concern with a general partnership: since the principals, not the business, are the ones responsible for the tax liability, the decision on where to locate has little to do with corporate tax liability. Like a sole proprietorship, the only real regulatory burden is if the general partnership chooses to do business under a name under their own: the name would have to be registered. Limited Partnership A limited partnership is similar to a general partnership. Quick MBA describes a limited partnership as a partnership with two or more partners, with one or more general and limited partners. The biggest difference is that a limited partner does not assume unlimited liability: their liability is limited to the amount of their investment. Also, since general partners are held wholly liable, they are often LLC’s (limited liability corporations) rather than individuals. Like a general partnership, income and income taxes are generally divided among the principals, but a limited partnership has to meet certain criteria to enjoy this right: otherwise it is taxed as a corporation. The rules of continuity in this sort of organization are different from those of a general partnership. The continuity of the organization is assured: while a general partnership generally must dissolve if a partner leaves, shares of a limited partnership can be created and can be transferred, bought or sold, though principals in the organization have the right to first bid (Quick MBA). Control of a limited partnership rests in the hands of the general partners: because they have management control, they do not have to grant control to anyone else in the organization: in fact, limited partners lose their status if they take a managing role in the business. Like the general partnership, the profits are shared between the partners: because limited partners are investors in the company, they often receive a greater share of the profits because of their financial contribution. Location concerns as the same as in a general partnership. Concerns of convenience or burden are also the same unless the partnership acts as a corporation, in which case corporate regulations must be followed. C-corporation According to Wikipedia, C-corporations are corporations that are taxed separately from their owners. In the United States, corporations are considered â€Å"people† for tax and liability purposes: in this form of business organization, C-corps are individual â€Å"persons† considered separate from shareholders and directors (Expertlaw.com). Because of this, the liability of the shareholders (note that in a corporation, shareholders are the owners of the organization) is limited: shareholders are protected from assuming the burdens of the corporation if it is unable to meet its obligations. Income taxes for the c-corp are calculated at the corporate tax rate: sometimes this rate is lower than the income tax rate of the shareholder’s, but oftentimes it proves to be much higher. Dividends are subject to the capital gains tax of 15%, then subject to the income tax rate of the shareholder; thus, the profits have been taxed twice. The longevity of this form of organization is perpetual: because the company is owned by shareholders, even if the owner leaves the company can continue to exist (The Company Corporation). Control of a C-Corp rests in the hands of shareholders: the owner has control only so far as their share of the company allows. Shareholders generally elect a board of directors to act on their behalf. As with control of the company, profits belong to the owner only in proportion to the amount of stock in the company they possess. Compared to the forms of organization discussed previously, location has a great deal to do with how and where a C-Corp does business. Phrases such as â€Å"Nevada corporation† or â€Å"Delaware corporation† have entered popular usage: they refer to corporations incorporated in these states solely due to their business-friendly incorporation laws (i.e. easy incorporation, no need to elect a board or issue stock, etc). Because corporations are regulated by the states, often times businesses will be incorporated in a state other than the one they do business in. This form of business organization comes with more of a burden on the business owner than the previous three: the states and the federal government heavily regulate corporations, these forms of business are more expensive to establish, and the paperwork burden is much greater. S-Corporation S- and C-corps are very similar, but there are some differences. Like a C-corporation, shareholders are not individually liable for business debts and resopnsibilities (BizFilings). Also, the are similar when it comes to the longevity, profit retention, and location requirements of an S- or C-corporation. The two biggest differences involve the control of the company and the income tax burden. In a C-corp, an unlimited number of shareholders are allowed, and they can be domestic or foreign nationals; however, a S-corp only allows 100 shareholders, and they must be US nationals. When it comes to income taxes, C-corps file as a corporation and corporate taxes are paid; however, an S-corp is a â€Å"pass-through†, meaning that taxes on earnings are filed and paid by the individual shareholders. Limited Liability Company A limited liability company, according to Wikipedia, is a form of organization that combines the features of a partnership with those of a corporation. Like a corporation, liability is limited: the personal assets of business owners are generally shielded from those of the company. Income taxes are treated differently from the other forms of organization: an LLC can elect how it wants to be treated for tax purposes. LLC’s are, like partnerships and sole proprietorships, pass-through entities: taxes are generally not calculated on the firm as a whole, but on the earnings reported on the individual tax returns of the principals. The continuity of the organization depends on how it is organized: if it is organized as a partnership, the longevity is assured. The principals of the company have control of the company: if one person alone is in charge, the LLC can operate as a sole proprietorship for control purposes. Profits are divided among the individual owners: a single owner retains control of all profits, but partners divide the proceeds. The location of an LLC can be important: for instance, in Washington D.C., LLC’s are not allowed to pass-through income for tax purposes, and some states assess levies for the privilege of operating as an LLC (Wikipedia). Compared to corporations, LLC’s have only a minor paperwork burden: though some states regulate them more than others, there is often little more to do aside from filing the standard sole proprietorship/partnership paperwork. Different companies call for different forms of organization: what may work for the sole owner of a shop may not be successful for a large organization. Oftentimes the greater paperwork or regulatory burden imposed on corporations is offset by the advantages of incorporation; sometimes an LLC or partnership may work better. Before deciding on the form of business organization, a prospective business owner will do well to perform a thoughtful analysis to determine which approach will suit their business model. References Internal Revenue Service. Sole Proprietorships. [->0][->1]. Accessed October 9, 2012. Enterpreneur. The Basics of Sole Proprietorships. [->2]. Accessed October 9, 2012. Small Business Administration. Partnerships. [->3]. Accessed October 6, 2012. Quick MBA. The General Partnership.

Brick House

Look up on urbandictionary.com and you will find,â€Å"The kids who live in are extremely stuck up and think that they are better than everyone because their Dad is CEO of some fortune 500 company or plays golf with Donald Trump. Very preppy and all of the kids there are freakishly good at lax.†I always figured stereotypes were true for a reason, simply because the majority of the people in that designated group act in such a manner. But that’s the key word, majority. What ever happened to the people that don’t quite fit into that cookie cutter category? No, I am not white, wealthy, or remotely skilled at sports. But I did define myself in a community that made me believe at a young age that different was unacceptable.Many outsiders look at ### through a very blurred lens. Sure, they can see the vague outlines of big houses and secure streets, but they are missing the microscopic details. Behind all the extraordinary homes, you can find my unimpressive abode, nestled right on the border of ### and ###. Growing up I felt exactly like a small mediocre home amongst daunting houses. Frankly, I was the outsider. I had dark skin and black hair, where as all my peers had fair skin and light eyes. So, as any misfit pre-teen would do, I sought out an easy solution to my troubles. Step one was to dress according to the status quo. Surprisingly, I was successful inconvincing myself that Uggs, skin tight Abercrombie shirts, and overpriced plaid skirts were fashionable. Step two was to detach myself from every aspect of my Guyanese and Sri Lankan heritage. Finally, step three was to speak and act generically. At the end of this drastic transformation I was no longer myself. Admittedly, I was a carbon copy of everything that initially deteriorated my self esteem. It was not until one fateful day in 9th grade, when I looked in my mirror, that I discovered this fact. I examined myself in that mirror for a long while, pondering the distinct differences between my present and former self. I was ashamed at my synthetic and in genuine exterior. The most disappointing part was the fact that my naked wrist was missing the traditional Buddhist bracelet that was defining to my religion. How could I stoop so low to actually reject my own culture? Although seemingly insignificant, this moment turned my entire life around.As of that instant, I have decided to embrace my combination culture rather than reject it. I am proud to be of Guyanese and Sri Lankan decent because nobody else in my community is. Essentially, there is no need to be that generic stucco house a couple of blocks over. In fact, it’s more rewarding to be fulfilled with a humble home. It doesn’t matter what the exterior of that house is made of, whether it be worn down shingle or luxurious stone. All that matters is the soul that’s within it, the heart that makes that house a home.

Reflection paper on a comparison of the narrative Ararat by A. Egoyan Essay

Reflection paper on a comparison of the narrative Ararat by A. Egoyan and documentary AGHET(catastrophe) - Essay Example Although they rarely take part in solving these problems, they provide an avenue of addressing these problems. Many films, targeting the social arena focus on issues such as drug abuse, crime, prostitution, child abuse among others. Further, they suggest solutions to these issues. Other films shed light on the certain important issues among us. While some are investigative, others base their ideas on research. Such are the kinds of films that either seeks to unearth certain phenomena affecting our current society. In various instances, we disregard film directors whenever they come up with a science fiction movie, creatively directed and produced to entertain us. Few are the times when we however disregard films when they address reality. This remains the biggest role played by the two films discussed in this essay, the narrative Ararat and AGHET Documentary. Based on the same idea, these two films mainly address the same topic, which is the Armenian Genocide. Approaches used by thes e films’ directors form the only difference in the films. While the Ararat is an acted narrative, the AGHET is a documentary of various accounts of witnesses during the genocide. They thus boost the human rights campaign, just as other films focusing on the social issues have done. Commonly referred to as the Armenian genocide, actions by Ottoman’s government of systematically exterminating a majority of the Armenian subjects from their historic homeland in the current State of Turkey define the genocide. The genocide took place in two phases. One of them was the mass murder of all bodied men in the region, as well as subjection to forced hard labour. The second phase was the deportation of women, children and the elderly where they were marched to the Syrian Desert, leading to numerous deaths. This was an inhumane way of dealing with these subjects. What was so important, leave along the political power and supremacy to warrant such actions to the people? For a long t ime, power hungry individuals have sacrificed innocent citizens for their individual selfish gains. Since the time of evolution, as revealed by Darwin, people and animals have had to override on others for success. This however did not warrant the Germans to treat people with the heightened levels of cruelty portrayed by the films during the genocide. Nothing justifies the actions of Ottoman Turk and his administrators to the Armenians during the genocide that claimed at least one and half people. Observers and experts describe the Armenian genocide as the first ever genocide to occur in the modern world. Owing to the organised manner in which the Ottoman’s administrators conducted the massacre to eliminate the Armenians, this is one of the most studied cases in the world so far from the holocaust. This forms the main reason why the filming of the events took place, 96 years later after their happening. They are still very significant to the world until this day. The effects of the genocide felt among the Armenians 98 years later after it took place shows the depth of the matter. The genocide started on the 24th April 1915 when Ottoman’s army arrested at least 250 Armenians and took them away from their homes. This day, commonly referred to as the Red Sunday was the night, which the interior minister Mehmed Talaat ordered the army to arrest and move to two holdings in Ankara, all notable Armenian leaders. However, the Tehcir War of 29th May 1915 led

Oil and Off Shore Drilling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oil and Off Shore Drilling - Research Paper Example While drilling of oil is deemed necessary for compensating the deficiency of oil and to reduce its ever-increasing price, the large scale environmental effects of offshore oil drilling cannot be overlooked. According to the law of environmental science mass is always constant and therefore the amount of materials human beings release into the environment must go somewhere and in the course renders its due effect on nature. Hence during oil spills a large area around the rig is affected destroying the habitat both of water and land. The BP and the Exxon Valdez oil spill cases are remarkable in this context and the arctic zone is extremely vulnerable (BP oil spill: Italy drilling ban hits UK-listed explorer, 2011; Fontova, 2008). Although offshore drilling was temporarily banned after the BP incident, the constant demand for oil and petroleum and its high price of $110 per barrel have prompted US to relax regulations and favor offshore drilling. Moreover the economic goals of meeting d eficiency and reducing prices are not met by increase in offshore drilling. ... Hence the team participants of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have been deeming it conducive to boost the production of oil in order to control price rise. The author explains that when the supply increases in order to ensure future availability and reduction in cost, this further creates a boost in demand and hence the normal cases of price fall under increased supply does not take place. However while talking about oil price and the need to reduce the same, one needs to consider the global oil politics and the economy, which will be at stake. For instance, the oil exporting nations reap a major part of their revenues from oil. The sudden rise in oil prices made the oil dependant nations cautious about the supply strains and countries like United States put large-scale efforts to expand foreign reserves for future use. When the demand for oil fell suddenly in 2009, prices began to fall and this led to major problems with respect to decreasing government expenditur es and welfare activities in the oil exporting nations. The reserves of â€Å"easy oil† were already exhausted and extraction of â€Å"tough oil† requires large-scale investment in drilling and exploration, which the companies were not ready to make considering the falling demand. Therefore as the remaining reserves were getting depleted there was an impending rise in oil price, as demand would surge after recovery of the economy (Klare 2009). This shows the dangers involved in attempts to lowering of prices. Brian K. Mignone, director of research on Energy Security Initiative, has projected a similar explanation in his article ‘Offshore Drilling Will Not Significantly Lower Energy Prices’. Mignone (2008) observes that offshore drilling will

Scholarship Registration and give back to society Essay

Scholarship Registration and give back to society - Essay Example In fact by being developing my competencies, I will be furthering my goal of leaving my legacy to this world by giving my best in the tasks that I will be handling. Being a student of business management, I believe that I will be contributing most of my knowledge and skills in the business organization which I will be joining. Since my inclination is in leading and directing the organization in the attainment of its goal, I know that I will be a great catalyst who can influence not just the company but all its stakeholders. In its internal operation, I will use the skills and knowledge I'd acquire to maximize the efficiency of company and minimizing wastage of resources. Through this, the whole society will be benefited as the excess resources will be allocated to more efficient means. I will also lead in the creation of products which are more helpful to consumers through quality improvements. It is also my devotion to motivate workers, emphasize their value to the company, and ensu re the best working conditions for them.

What if Machiavelli and Voltaire met for lunch to discuss war and Essay

What if Machiavelli and Voltaire met for lunch to discuss war and politics - Essay Example Niccolà ² Machiavelli, born 1469 in Florence and died 1527, and Voltaire, real name Francois Marie Arouet, born in Paris in 1694 and died in 1778, would obviously never have met in life, despite the fact that Machiavelli , the statesman as well as political theorist, traveled widely as a representative of his native Florentine state, and Voltaire traveled to various European countries. However it is possible that, though coming from geographically and chronologically separate places, they may have shared some ideas, despite the differences of their backgrounds and the more than 200 years which separate their births. They both for instance had problems with authority. Both outspoken men, this imaginary luncheon might not have gone well unless they could find common ground. It must be asked what language would they speak? Which wines would they prefer? What would the menu be? Both had traveled. Would Italian, French, German or even English food be on the menu? Where would they meet? S witzerland, always neutral, seems the ideal place, in distance, as well as being a place where both had traveled. Presumably one of them could suggest a good place to meet. This essay will consider which ideas were important to these two profound thinkers whose influence has extended beyond their own generation, topics they feel to be so important that they would be discussed when they met, wherever and whenever that might be. ... I t is assumed by biographers3, but not proved, that he, attended the university in Florence. He certainly received a good education somewhere. In 1498 Florence became a republic and Machiavelli became a clerk in the republic’s service, quickly rising through the ranks. He would have been one of several intellectuals who considered historical and political problems in detail . Between 1498 and 1512 Machiavelli was entrusted with several missions on behalf of the Florentine republican state. While in France he was able to observe at first hand how a country was ruled by only one person., something at that time not happening in Florence. The first inklings then of ‘the Prince’ that was to come in 1513. When he returned home he found the republic in great trouble, as Cesare Borgia was attempting top carve out for himself a state he could rule as a prince in the area of Italy lying south of Florence as described by on the web page ‘Machiavelli’s â€Å"Th e Prince† a summary with quotations’ – anonymous and undated. In 1513 things had changed when the powerful Medici family again took charge. Machiavelli was arrested and accused of conspiracy, possibly even tortured. . He was known as an analyzer of political powers, perhaps he analyzed too closely for the comfort of his rulers. Soon pardoned he withdrew himself from the public arena and turned to a literary life, creating plays, comedies and poetry. He is best known for ‘The Prince’ was not published until 1532, well after his death . The main thrust of the work is that in order to maintain his authority any acts of a ruler are justified. He must have ‘virtu’. This is not the same as virtue, i.e. goodness, rightness or morality, but rather can be translated as prowess, skill or

Personal aspect of your own Hero's Journey Assignment - 1

Personal aspect of your own Hero's Journey - Assignment Example The success of the hero is a celebration to all the people around. In general, the hero departure, initiation and return are crucial. An example story of a hero is a story that spread all over in ma early age. The story was about the existence of a superman. This refers to super natural beings that were capable of doing anything that seemed to challenge the normal human beings. At first, the stories about superman made me choose him as my mentor though I had never seen him. The works that I believed he could do play a main challenge to the things that I could achieve in my future life. To make my vision come true, I used to do several trials that I imagined of which some of them remain unachievable. The story stated that there existed a powerful man who could do massive kinds of jobs in a few seconds. Born and brought up under hard conditions but sailed through the challenges. At an early age, he went for an unknown journey, walked through the hell of enemies in thick forests and overcame all. He destroyed large gatherings of attackers on the way and killed most of them instantly. His return was also successful fulfilling the main stages of a hero. This made the superman famous all over the area. Nobody knew of his place of residence though he moved round the village most of the time. This made most of the children who heard the story has a phobia any time they heard of him. The fact of the tale story about the superman could not be determined since the story was a myth. The superstitions instilled in my mind have taken more time than I expected to disappear. Through the research, I have succeeded in; I have come to realize that the myth about superheroes is just but an ancient myth that cut across various communities. The parent’s main aim is to put fear among the young generation to make them responsible adults. The life of children is full of playoffs, and in the end, they may end up in troubles

International Agreement of two companies Coursework

International Agreement of two companies - Coursework Example The decision of arbitrator is binding and easy to implement. CheapStock Corporation and George Limited are engaged in an agreement for five years. According to the contract, the involved parties should ask for arbitrator’s involvement if there is some dispute or disagreement. George Limited soon after a year wanted the termination of the agreement, which is regarded as a violation of the agreement by CheapStock due to which, suitable arbitration process is required. This paper includes a number of laws related to breach, termination of agreement and arbitration. Basis of Arbitration Arbitration is consensual: Arbitration process can be implementable if both parties agreed on it. In order to resolve the issues through arbitration, the parties at the time of agreement includes arbitration clause in it. The parties in disputes may refer the matter to arbitrator by submission of agreement executed between them. No one can withdraw from arbitration unilaterally1. The parties choose the arbitrator: Under the Arbitration rules parties can chose sole arbitrator to settle the disputes. Arbitration is neutral: The applicable law, language and venue of the arbitration is utmost important. Arbitration is a confidential procedure: In specific circumstances, the Rules empower a party to restrict access to its trade secrets or other confidential information to the arbitral tribunal or its advisor. The decision of the arbitral tribunal is final and legally enforceable by both sides2. Merits and Demerits of Arbitration Merits of arbitration are a) if the disputed matter is highly technical, arbitrators should have an expertise to deliver b) it is faster than the court proceedings c) cheaper and flexible d) its proceedings can be made confidential e) here language of arbitration can be chosen, whereas in judicial proceedings it cannot be chosen f) easily enforceable g) it limits the duration of the dispute and associated liability3. Demerits of arbitration are i) highly c omplex ii) in case arbitration is mandatory and binding, the parties deprive their rights to access the courts iii) ambiguous decisions cannot be reverted since limited scope for an appeal iv) fewer enforcement options than judgments in other legal systems v) not directly enforceable4. Arbitration Agreement In theoretical terms, it is a consensual process duly agreed by both the parties to comply with. Such sorts of agreement can be categorized as: a) if a dispute arises; it can be resolved through arbitrator b) submission agreements are those that signed after a dispute has arisen5. In the common wealth countries, the earlier is considered suitable. In the cited countries, each executor has to bear the cost in conventional arbitration and not in submission agreement. The law accepts validity of arbitration clauses in spite of its language not linked with legal contracts. Those clauses are: a) English law is applicable if venue arbitration is London b) suitability of clause c) if it is in line with the ICC Rules in London6. The competent court of law respect the clauses to resolve the disputes provided i) arbitrator should take into account the principles of practical business ii) globally acclaimed principles of law governing

War Photography Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

War Photography - Coursework Example But at its most simple, the photograph (whether it be of a flower in bloom or of a man being shot) is seen as "authentic" because it shows, most of the time at least, what it literally purports to show. Take one of the most famous war photographs ever taken: Another definition is in order here. The dictionary defines propaganda as "1. the systematic propagation of a doctrine or cause. 2. Material disseminated by the advocates of a doctrine or cause" (American, 2003). In general, 'propaganda' has come to imply some one-sided presentation that, while perhaps reflecting an actual event or facts, in reality is skewing them in one very particular way. Propaganda is now used as a pejorative whereas when the word was first used, in the First World War it was merely a descriptor of a certain kind of news technique. This analysis will consider war photography through the discussion of four contrasting wars: the Spanish Civil War, the Vietnam War, the Falklands War and the Gulf War. Each war may be seen as a fulcrum around which many different forces were revolving. Within the context of photography, different technological developments and the ease of photography provided new opportunities for photographers as the century advanced, and new difficulties for those who would seek to control the images produced by those photographers. There is a massive difference between the fragile, heavy and difficult-to-use cameras of the Nineteenth Century and the powerful, easily used cameras of this century. The former needed days to produce the photographs that had been taken, and because of the transportation systems of the time, maybe weeks or even months to reach a major media outlet for publication. Today a digital photograph can be taken and published to the Internet within seconds, thus giving access to the whole world. This situation provides numerous challenges for mass media outlets and for the government agencies that would seek to control the dissemination of information/documentation. The war photograph is a central focus for this control. As a brief glance at Adams's famous photograph of the "execution" illustrates, even a single photograph can raise a number of perhaps unanswerable questions. If the photograph is seen as "propaganda", whose viewpoint would be being put forward If a photograph is "untouched" by manipulative editing, can it be anything other than authentic I The Beginnings of War Photography: The Spanish Civil War and World War II Wars have been photographed virtually since the beginning of photography. The American Civil War provides thousands of photographs of battlefields in the aftermath of the killing and portraits of soldiers provide a memorable record of the strain that this "total war" produced. Similarly, the First World War produced many images of that incomparable carnage but these were mostly taken after the event as the cameras were large, fragile and unwieldy, exposures often took several minutes (in the Nineteenth

Sport Psychology Essay Example for Free

Sport Psychology Essay tExercise is an accessible method of fulfilling a persons physical goals which they have for their own body. Humans are capable of engaging in a variety of exercises including running, playing a game of volleyball, or even surfing. In spite of the many physical accomplishments which humans can gain from physical exercise, people are also capable of encountering many psychological benefits from doing so. Studies have shown that exercising release certain chemicals in our brain that results in a good feeling. For instance, a late The beauty behind physical exercise is not only due to physical benefits which humans receive due to it, but also from the positive psychological energy given to humans that helps motivate us to continue the journey of life. arousal regulation, imagery, self confidence, attention, or concentration , goal setting memory write a 4-5 page paper. the assignment thing said you will write an article for a sports magazine on a topic from the psychological skills training section of the book that you find interesting. ( choices are: arousal regulation, imagery, self confidence, goal setting attention or concentration ) The format of your aticle should be similar to those in the actual newsletter or magazine. Be creative: include graphics and diagrams, get the readers attention with quotes and create a catchy title. write in language that is accessible to individuals who have never taken a sport psychology class. Be sure to include good content and ideas for how this information can be applied to specific situations ( using examples in a good idea ). Prayer-= Ones performance can soar like an eagle once you defeat the psychological struggles flooding ones mind. Anxiety is the main proponent to affecting any human being from giving their utmost potential in a sport. Anxiety is derived from due to self-insecurities. There are various approaches which you can make when confronting ones psychological struggles hindering ones performance, through the use of: somatic anxiety reduction,cognitive anxiety reduction, and multimodal anxiety reduction packages. An insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a wild beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your mind (Buddha). A wild beast in a surfing contest can be a shark swimming near the surface of the waves, while an evil friend in this case can be the physical symptoms which one experiences when feeling the anxiety of competing, thats making it difficult to keep your balance on the surfboard. One method which any human can use in order to control these physical symptoms that can possibly hinder ones performance is through the use of somatic anxiety reduction techniques. This technique focuses on progressive relaxation, learning how to control ones breathing, as well as biofeedback. Progressive relaxation involves becoming familiar with the tension experienced in ones muscles and then releasing all of it. This method is extremely beneficial to any human since it helps one to become conscious of the feeling experienced in the muscles when one is under a stressful situation. By familiarizing oneself with this particular strain in the muscles, one is capable of being able to preventing them from interfering with ones performance. Controlling ones breathing is also vital in order to present ones utmost performance. When humans experiences stress and anxiety in any particular situation, one can often experience a shortness, irregularity, as well as shallowness of breath. In contrast, when one is under a peaceful state of mind, ones breathing is steady and deep. Biofeedback is also an effective method used in order reduce somatic anxiety. This particular technique involves learning to control ones physiological and unconscious responses in the body through the process of receiving physiological responses that arent normally available to a person. Another technique which athletes as well as any other human can use in order to reduce anxiety involves some cognitive exercises. One exercise commonly use is meditation which involves an inwardly oriented personal exercise that involves quieting and concentration of the mind that can lead to a great deal of reduction of muscle tension. Another technique which individuals can use is autogenic training which centers a human to produce warmth and heaviness, that can eventually leads to a state of relaxation. Another technique that can be applied to ones life in order to help one to regulate arousal during performance is called multimodal anxiety reduction packages. A well known form of this anxiety reducing technique is called stress management training. SMT consists of applying relaxation and cognitive components to ones form of coping responses to emotional arousal that may arise within. Another example of a multidomal anxiety reduction that may fortify ones way of coping with stress is through stress inoculation training. This particular training involves exposing a human to stressful components, including mental images, and self-statements, that fortifies a humans resistance to stress. Therefore, as mentioned before, arousal regulation is a particular coping mechanism which athletes can greatly benefit them in order to excel in their physical and mental performance when playing a sport. Studies have shown that these anxiety reducing techniques greatly benefit individuals while working under pressure. Somatic anxiety reduction consists of becoming aware of ones physical symptoms that may arise while under stress, and learning how to cope with them when they arise during performance. Cognitive anxiety reduction techniques is also vital by helping one to gain more control of the anxious thoughts that emerge in ones conscious, that can enable one to give ones outstanding performance. The last particular anxiety exercise that was mentioned is the multimodal anxiety reduction packages, which is essential for all humans to build effective and positive coping mechanisms in the midst of a stressful situation. These three anxiety reducing techniques can be seen as vital methods which psychologists have created in order to help any human being to learn how to control ones body, physical, and emotional responses to stressful situations that can be presented during performance during any particular moment in ones life. Therefore, if athletes gain more control over their emotions, this what am i sad about: after comment; made me feel like im not good enough. and that im not a cool of enough girl. i want to take shit serious. i feel bad about that.

Personal Mission Statement Essay Example for Free

Personal Mission Statement Essay Section I: My Role in my Education I recently finished a diploma program at Remington College for Medical Billing and Coding in October 2010. I successfully completed 9 months of being on the Dean’s list and had perfect attendance throughout the program. I also received the Distinguished Graduate Award for most outstanding student of the Medical Billing and Coding program. I recently decided to continue my education to obtain my Associate’s Degree in Health Information Technology. I will be finished with my Associate’s program in June 2012. In five years, I plan on working as a manager for a well-established organization. My ultimate goal is to continue my education until I obtain my Master’s Degree so that I can continue moving up the ladder until I am at the top where there is nothing else left to achieve. There are many obstacles in life that could get in the way of accomplishing my goals but I will just share three of the obstacles with you. The first and most important I think would have to be the lack of support. Even though I have moved back in with my parents while I am in school, I get no positive support from them. I really surprised them at graduation back in October for my diploma program when I was announced as the Distinguished Graduate. I am taking this no support from family as positive motivation to prove them all wrong when I obtain my educational goal which is finishing my Associate’s Degree. Another obstacle that could get in my way of achieving my goal would be my mindset or attitude. In the past when I younger and going to college I use to not have the right attitude for school. I was into just having fun and worrying about my grades. Now that I am older and know what I want, I think I have the right attitude to accomplish my educational goal. One of the reasons for my right attitude now is having a son that I didn’t have back in my younger and immature days. Finally, the last obstacle that I could have to face would be the lack of motivation and drive. This one goes hand and hand with the first two obstacles. In the first two obstacles, getting no positive support from my family and having a son now is giving me the motivation and drive I need to accomplish my educational goals. With this said, I think I have the motivation and drive that I need to succeed and overcome any obstacles that get in my way. Section II: Problem Solving for Success Step 1: Research and Define the Problem Using Present State and Desire State In my present state I am currently unemployed and receiving military funding for college through the Montgomery GI Bill. The money that I am receiving through the Montgomery GI Bill is what I am living off of right now. My desired state would be to be working at a job in my field of study to where I can be working my way up to management. I would also like to put more money in savings so that I can have a sizeable amount of savings in case any emergencies came about. Step 2: Determine the Causes of the problem * What- The problem is that I receive no support from my family in accomplishing my educational goals. * Why- This is a problem because when I was younger I never finished what I started except for High School. * Who- My family is the problem because even though I didn’t finish college when I was younger, they should still support me in finishing it now. * Where- The problem is occurring at home because that is where I see my family the most. * When- The problem occurs every day. This sometime causes me to not to want to be at home. I have to let the negativity go in one ear and out the other, and focus on accomplishing my ultimate goal. * How- The problem occurred because of my past non-accomplishments when I was young and immature. Step 3: Generate Solutions by Brainstorming There are several solutions that could be possible in solving the problem. 1. I could market myself in different cities in order to have more employers see my resume. 2. Once I get a job, I can move out and away from the negativity. 3. I can get a part-time job also to help out with expenses once I move back out on my own. At this time I have been only marketing myself with a 50 mile radius from where I live. I am going to start job searching in a 100 mile radius and possible farther out. Right now I will take a job anywhere, no matter where it is at. Based on all of the knowledge that I have learned in this class, I will be able to analyze the situation and use my critical thinking techniques to come up with the best possible solutions to my problem. Once I look at the problem from every angle possible, I can then apply the solutions based on my analysis of my present state and present issue.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Cardiovascular Devices Chiara Tarenghi When a patient suffers from critical conditions which prevent to lungs or heart to work properly and to grant adequate blood flow and oxygen supply, either because of congenital disease, surgery or other reasons (severe pneumonia, sepsis, heart malformations, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome ), a mechanical circulatory support is needed to take over temporarily the cardiopulmonary functions. These devices are known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS). ECMO is an invasive, non-therapeutic technique, consists essentially of an artificial external lung, a membrane oxygenator, which reproduces the physiological function of the gas exchange in the lungs (the blood releases CO2 and gains O2 according to the partial pressure gradient). It has successfully been employed as a bridge to recovery, cardiac transplantation, or implantation of a ventricular assist device, and it has met great application in paediatric surgery field (i.e. premature infants). It grants a steady amount of oxygen to the body while resting   and recover the lungs and heart. The device pumps blood from the body through the oxygenator with a roller pump (or a centrifugal pump, which causes major haemolysis though). There are three types of oxygenator commercially available: bubble oxygenator ( the gas is bubbled into blood), membrane oxygenator (allows exchanges of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane of silicon rubber that completely separates gas and blood), and hollow fibres oxygenator (fibres of PVC or PTFE hollow inside and semipermeable to gases). The blood is then warmed up through a heat exchanger (a coiled tubing containing warm water flowing counter current) and is injected back into the body. Each section of the machine is connected through cannulae. The blood flow is monitored continuamente to avoid the presence of microscopic air bubbles, thrombi and other emboli. Hazardous occlusions of tubing or thrombosis are detected by pressure monitors. Before letting blood flow through the tubes, the latter are primed by flushing with CO2 and then with crystalloid prime, albumin (to limit platelets adherence) and finally blood. The flow and amount of oxygenation is adjusted according to the needs of the patient. As the heart function improves, the flow is lowered. Blood volume can be assessed by urine output and central venous and mean arterial pressure. After a few days of mechanical assistance, the device is usually removed. ECMO is a valid alternative to pulmonary ventilation, since the latter pushes oxygen into patients lungs, regulating its amount and pressure, but high gas pressure could further damage lungs. Risks associated to ECMO include blood clot formation (which is prevented through anticoagulant like heparin) and, related to this, haemorrhage, infection, transfusions problems (thromboembolism and related stroke or ischaemia), mechanical failures. There are different ways of perfusion : ECMO VENO ARTERIAL (VA) : It requires three tubes to be inserted, venous blood is removed from the right atrium or vena cava, passing through the   jugular or femoral vein, and returned to ascending aorta (central ECMO) or femoral artery (peripheral artery). It is a hemodynamic and respiratory support for patients suffering from cardiogenic shock, sepsis, severe pneumonia, persistent pulmonary hypertension. Advantages: Low cost, can be applied to children and adults, support double heart and lungs. Disadvantages: It is more invasive than VV ECMO is a complex circuit, can cause embolism, neurological complications and require a sternotomy. ECMO VENO VENOUS   (VV):   In this case two tubes are inserted into the largest veins as jugular or femoral, but most often a single Y shaped cannula is inserted in the both veins. Blood is drained from the vena cava , blood is returned through the right atrium into the tricuspid valve. It is only a respiratory support for patients suffering from severe respiratory failure, asthmas, persistent pulmonary hypertension. Disadvantages: No cardiac support. ARTERIO VENUS   (AV):uses patients arterial pressure to pump the blood from artery to vein, it can be used only as a short-term support.

The Leitmotif of Pursuit in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay

The Leitmotif of Pursuit in Tess of the d'Urbervilles      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pursuit recurs in Tess of the d'Urbervilles as a strong leitmotif.   Starting with their first encounter, Alec Stoke-d'Urbervile lusts after Tess with his desire for steadily increasing thereafter.   He withholds the crucial information that he is not her cousin, and they in fact have no familial relationship whatsoever. While under the impression he is her cousin, Alec uses this ignorance to get closer to her. Feeding her strawberries in an obviously erotic manner momentarily appeases his lustful hunger.   His longing for her never abates from contact with Tess - perhaps even the opposite might be said: the more contact he has with her, the more he seems to want her.   Alec, ... ...e only way to stop this vicious cycle of pursuit is death.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Angel's description of Tess as Demeter, the goddess of chastity, and as Artemis, goddess of the hunt, seems quite fitting for Tess.   Tess Durbeyfield is, as Hardy's subtitle indicates, a pure woman and as the men in the novel demonstrate by their actions, a hunted animal. 3      

Depiction of Nature in Ernest Hemingways Unfinished Story, The Last Go

The Depiction of Nature in Ernest Hemingway's Unfinished Story, The Last Good Country Ecological criticism in the 1990s has declared many works, including Ernest Hemingway's novels like The Old Man and the Sea, and many of his nonfiction works and short stories as nature-oriented masterpieces. "The Last Good Country," one of Ernest Hemingway's later short stories, however, still remains to be reinterpreted as more than merely, "a metaphor for childhood innocence" (Werlock 131), and his usual "imaginative use of the natural world" (Fleming 2). Unlike other short stories in Hemingway's early days, this unfinished story has a unique background on writing. No other Nick Adams story had previously been planned to be a form of novel. But Hemingway left the draft halfway in order to concentrate on another mythical tale of romance, The Garden of Eden. Since 1990 when Mark Spilka opened up a revolutionary "quarrel" over Hemingway's sexual ambivalence in the novel, modern critics have frequently referred to a hypothetically incestuous relationship between Nick and his younger sister Littless in "The Last Good Country" as an indication that Hemingway in his later days was fascinated with the androgynous characters.*1 Meanwhile, originating with Malcolm Cowley's reference to the primitivism of Hemingway's fictional heroes in the 1940s, environmentally conscious arguments have gradually become the mainstream of critical support for Hemingway's nature writings. Ranging from the early collection of short stories, In Our Time, to the later masterpiece, The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway's landscapes provide the natural resources for his heroes as Western archetypes to heal their wounds or the settings in which they manifest their male... ...ll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1996. 204-22. Spilka, Mark. Hemingway's Quarrel with Androgyny. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1990. ---. "Original Sin in 'The Last Good Country': Or, The Return of Catherine Barkley." The Modernists: Studies in a Literary Phenomenon. Ed. Lawrence B. Gamache and Ian S. MacNiven. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson U P, 1987. 210-33. Sylvester, Bickford. "The Sexual Impasse to Romantic Order in Hemingway's Fiction: A Farewell to Arms, Othello, 'Orpen,' and the Hemingway Canon." Hemingway: Up in Michigan Perspectives. Ed. Frederic J. Svoboda and Joseph J. Waldmeir. East Lansing: Michigan State U P, 1995. 177-87. Werlock, Abby H. P. "Women in the Garden: Hemingway's 'Summer People' and 'The Last Good Country'." Ernest Hemingway: The Oak Park Legacy. Ed. James Nagel. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1996. 124-44.

Writing From a Technical Standpoint :: Writing Technology Invention Essays

Writing From a Technical Standpoint At first, I didn’t really understand the concept of this assignment. I thought, this is going to be pretty easy. I’ll just get some glue, and write some words on a piece of construction paper. After all, glue is just sugar and water, and paper is just a tree—sounds natural enough! However, after I sat down and thought about it, glue and paper are far from natural. Someone mixed the glue, put it into a container, and shipped it to the store. The paper was made from a tree; but technology, machinery, and people were essential to its existence. Therefore, I needed to put my brain to work and find something untouched by man, technology, or machinery. How about grass, cement, dirt, and water? All of these elements seemed pretty natural to me, so I ventured into my front yard and started making words out of water from my hose onto the driveway. Then I realized someone mixed that cement and laid it—unnatural. The water has been channeled to my hose from some typ e of technology—unnatural. My dad planted the grass; the dirt was bought from the store, and laid in front of my house by my mother; man planted all the trees. I realized my project had to be conducted where humans had not interfered. For example, if I used water, I would have to travel to a natural source of water like a lake or ocean. If I wanted to use trees or grass, I would have to find them in a natural setting like a forest or woods. And that’s just what I did. I went to the woods not far from my house, and I searched around looking for an easy way to create something as simple as a word. I then came upon them—dandelions. Man has not planted these â€Å"weeds†; rather, they have grown out of the ground â€Å"naturally†. Not only were the dandelions quick and easy to use, they were also kind of pretty! Although the woods would be considered a natural setting, the grass I use for my project was not necessarily the most â€Å"natural† substance. It seemed to me that someone had planted that grass, and mowed it frequently, because it was very short and level. But the dandelions worked out wonderfully.

How Institutions Regulate Multinational Corporations Essay

International institutions are very effective to regulate multinational corporations in many ways. There are few institutions which always take care for the multinational corporations. Also, these institutions effective to give suggestion about economy. Global trends which are around the world have shown that the more stringent and effective labor legislation, the more likely MNC’s will relocate to another jurisdiction. As a result, globalization endangers the jobs and employment benefits that labor law was intended to protect. As in any enterprise, big and small, the maximization of profits and resources must be of paramount importance. By enlarging the scope of the World Trade Organization to the equalization of labor standards , the prospects of more efficient international trade relations become further possible , but not without triggering intense protests from the most affected stake-holder – the labor of the world . The Bretton Woods Organizations Prior to the WTO – An Overview Prior the emergence of the World Trade Organization, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were established by different states after World War II to firstly help in reconstruction efforts to countries devastated by the war. More so , these two institutions lent billions of dollars in aid to underdeveloped countries to fast-track their economic growth especially in the wake of complex issues such as government corruption , civil war , recession , among others . Their primary task has been to assist and provide economic assistance to hundreds of developing countries in various fields such as education , agriculture ,land reform , healthcare , energy production , and even governance ,notwithstanding at the forefront of monitoring exchange rates and balance of payments of different countries . The two institutions also embark of comprehensive economic researches on the plight of different countries to determine the best recourse of aid, depending on the local needs of the beneficiary state, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare, among others. However, the IMF and the WB have been better known in the underdeveloped world as loaning billions of dollars in aid that are laden with various conditionality’s which sometimes leave the beneficiary countries at a disadvantage, notwithstanding allegations that these institutions were complicit in the funding of military dictatorship that terrorized much of Latin America and parts of Asia in the second half of the 20th century. One particular example of this has been the relentless llegations that the two institutions continuously sent aid to the Philippine government under the regime of Dictator Ferdinand Marcos even if both institutions knew that much of the aid shall not trickle down to Philippine constituents but rechanneled to Marcos and his cronies Swiss bank accounts. Nonetheless, for as long as the WB and the IMF continues to enjoy a legal and political presumption of good faith and service in its dealings with its member countries, no amount of international propaganda should preclude the two institutions from pursuing its goals and objectives. Reference http://www.outofthetrees.co.uk/resources/technologies.php

Is it truly difficult for any author to be purely objective?

I think that it is truly difficult for any author to be purely objective because the very act of writing about something already indicates a choice of topic and consequently a choice of message to share to the readers. They write about what they write for a reason – and as writing goes it is to delight and enlighten. Delight when it is for entertainment, enlighten when it seeks to push the reader to look at what he previously did not see. In terms of forms, it is easier to grasp the author’s message in non-fiction as these tend to be straight-forward and usually indicates the message clearly.Fiction reflects reality and illustrates the message in a story, whereas poetry seeks to do the same with less words. Of all the forms, poetry asks the most skill because it uses the least number of words and yet seeks to deliver the same impact as other forms of writing. Personally I prefer poetry, because it uses so little words for more impact. It is compact but it speaks to the core, and has to be read several times for its meaning to sink in.Also, it lends itself to many layers of interpretation as compared to fiction and non-fiction, but its core message remains the same. Although a lot of people would say that poetry is not easy to understand, the demands of poetry on one’s attention is precisely what makes me prefer it because it asks for focus and time. In this sense, because poetry appears difficult, although of course I would say it is a labor of love to read poetry, the pay off is much greater as well, and because of the effort leaves a mark as I try to make sense of its message in my life.

Assess the usefulness of official statistics Essay

Official statistics are a source of secondary data. The government produces them. There are both hard and soft statistics. Hard statistics include birth, death and marriage rates. These are registered when they occur by law, so these statistics are entirely objective. Another type of official statistic is called soft statistics, e. g. crime statistics & unemployment figures. These might not seem as objective as they first seem. They are open to manipulation for political ends, and can be considered to have a political use. For example, the methods used to measure unemployment have been changed over 20 times, because not everyone without a job counts as unemployed. Official statistics are mainly used for the study of demography, inflation, crime and deviance, unemployment, poverty and suicide. For an example Emile Durkheim, regarded as the founding father of sociology, used official suicide statistics for his suicide study. He used them to find correlations and casual relations and identified four different types of suicide, egoistic suicide, anomic suicide, altruistic suicide and fatalistic suicide. Durkheim used positivist’s methods to conduct his study. Positivists believe that quantitative data is the most reliable method to gather information as the data is compiled in a standardised way. Douglas, an Interpretivist, would disagree with Durkheim’s positivist methods. He says that official statistics are not valid. To determine a death it is up to the ‘interpretations and decisions’ of the coroner and that statistics are nothing more than a ‘social construct’. Atkinson, also and Interpretivists says that it is impossible for coroners to objectively classify suicides because their decision is based on a ‘commonsense theory of suicide’ which is based on whether there is a suicide note, the method of death, the location and the deceased’s life history etc. When adapting quantitative methodological procedures to derive specific data, official statistics is often used as a source of sociological evidence to simply enhance or complement practical research methods. However when looking at what is gained from the use of official statistics, it is important to recognize the limitations, which serve as a major downside to developing and attaining an unquestionable and flawless research. In addition, not all documents are easily available e. g. the Black Report (1980) which identified inequalities in healthcare, was released in very select circumstances. Not all secondary data give us a valid, true and detailed picture of what is being measured, not just official statistics. Diaries/e-mails, it could be possible that the author lied or exaggerated about their activities Also, a document may not be reliable. Public documents are likely to be higher in terms of reliability than private documents like letters and personal documents such as diaries and e-mails data may be fake or unrepresentative. In conclusion, official statistics can be very useful in sociological research. Nearly all secondary data can’t be trusted and official statistics might be the only appropriate form of research for your topic.

The Lost Tribes of Israel Claims by Herbert Armstrong

The Lost Tribes of Israel Catholic. com Around 926 b. c. , the kingdom of Israel split in two. Up to that point, all twelve tribes of Israel (plus the priestly tribe of Levi) had been united under the monarchies of Saul, David, and Solomon. But when Solomon’s son Rehoboam ascended to the throne, the ten Northern tribes rebelled and seceded from the union. This left only two tribes—Judah and Benjamin (plus much of Levi)—under the control of the king in Jerusalem. From that time on, the tribes were divided into two nations, which came to be called the House of Israel (the Northern ten tribes) and the House of Judah (the Southern two tribes).This situation continued until around 723 B. C. , when the Assyrians conquered the Northern kingdom. To keep conquered nations in subjection, it was Assyrian policy to break them up by deporting their native populations to other areas and resettling the land with newcomers. When the House of Israel was conquered, most people bel onging to the ten Northern tribes were deported and settled elsewhere in the Assyrian kingdom, including places near Nineveh, Haran, and on what is now the Iran-Iraq border.They were replaced by settlers from locations in or near Babylon and Syria. These settlers intermarried, together with the remaining Israelites, and became the Samaritans mentioned in the New Testament (a few hundred of whom still survive today). The Israelites who had been deported also intermarried with the peoples of the places where they had been resettled. They eventually lost their distinct identity, disappeared, and their culture was lost to history. Some refer to them as â€Å"the lost tribes of Israel. â€Å"A movement called â€Å"British Israelism† claims to have found the ten â€Å"lost tribes,† however, and in some very unlikely places. For many years, one of the leaders in the British Israelism movement was Herbert W. Armstrong, founder of the self-proclaimed â€Å"Worldwide Church of God. † Especially for Americans, Armstrong was just about the only person they ever heard advocating British Israelism. With his own paid television program, Armstrong regularly advertised his book The United States and Britain in Prophecy, which advocated the view. British Israelism was not Armstrong’s only eccentric view.Among other things, he believed in Saturday rather than Sunday worship and, most seriously, he rejected the doctrine of the Trinity and claimed that individual humans could be added to the Godhead. After Armstrong’s death, the Worldwide Church of God did a serious review of the doctrines it had taught up to that point and moved to a more biblically and theologically orthodox position. Today, the organization is basically another Evangelical Protestant church (they have even been admitted to the National Association of Evangelicals), though with a few distinctive practices.Many of their congregations still worship on Saturdays, for example, b ut they no longer regard keeping the Jewish Sabbath and feasts as points of doctrine. They have embraced the doctrine of the Trinity, denied that created beings can become part of the Godhead, and acknowledged that other churches contain true Christians. They have also rejected the distinctive idea behind British Israelism—the claim that the lost tribes of Israel are to be specially identified with the Anglo-Saxons.Unfortunately, there are still advocates of British Israelism out there (including some groups that split off from the Worldwide Church of God when it underwent its doctrinal renewal), and, though the book is out of print, Herbert W. Armstrong’s The United States and Britain in Prophecy continues to circulate. The United States and Britain in Prophecy teaches the notion that the Lost Tribes of Israel are really the descendants of Anglo-Saxons, which is to say the British and Americans of British extraction. This exotic doctrine had been around for decades be fore Herbert W.Armstrong founded his church in 1933, and it appeals, naturally enough, to those of British heritage. After all, who wouldn’t want to be a member of the â€Å"chosen race† (assuming there is one)? And according to Armstrong, that’s precisely what the Anglo-Saxons are—God’s chosen race, where can be found the direct descendants of King David and, even today, the true â€Å"heirs† to King David’s throne. The United States and Britain in Prophecy opens with this epigraph: â€Å"The prophecies of the Bible have been grievously misunderstood. And no wonder!For the vital key, needed to unlock prophetic doors to understanding, had become lost. That key is a definite knowledge of the true identity of the American and British peoples in biblical prophecy. † Only the first sentence of this epigraph is strictly correct, and a good share of the â€Å"grievous misunderstanding† is by people who put faith in the writing s of Herbert W. Armstrong. The Argument Begins â€Å"We know Bible prophecies definitely refer to Russia, Italy, Ethiopia, Libya, and Egypt of today. Could they then ignore modern nations like Britain and America?Is it reasonable? † This is how the argument begins, and notice what kind of argument it is. If these â€Å"lesser† countries are mentioned in Scripture, would it be fair for God to ignore us, important as we are? (We won’t examine here the highly dubious premise that Russia is mentioned in Scripture. ) You might call this an â€Å"appeal to pride. † Never fear, says Armstrong. â€Å"The fact is, [the British and Americans] are mentioned more often than any other race [sic]. Yet their prophetic identity has remained hidden to the many. Why is that? you ask. Because the Bible doesn’t refer to them by their modern names, but by an ancient name. And what is that name? None other than Israel. â€Å"Hold it! † you say. The people who ca me from Israel are Jews. Britons and Americans, for the most part, aren’t Jewish. How can one claim otherwise? Easily. Armstrong assures us that, â€Å"The house of Israel is not Jewish! Those who constitute it are not Jews, and never were! That fact we shall now see conclusively, beyond refute. † Actually, there is something of a point here.The term â€Å"Jew† originated as a way of referring to the people of the southern kingdom of Judah, whether their own tribe was Judah, Benjamin, or Levi. The term appears late in Israel’s history—after the division into northern and southern kingdoms—and it can be fairly claimed that the term does not apply to the members of the ten northern tribes, who are properly known as â€Å"Israelites† since they belonged to the House of Israel rather than the House of Judah. Armstrong asserted: â€Å"Certainly this proves that the Jews are a different nation altogether from the House of Israel,† cl aims Armstrong. The Jews of today are Judah! They call their nation ‘Israel’ today because they, too, descend from the patriarch Israel or Jacob. But remember that the ‘House of Israel’—the ten tribes that separated from Judah—does not mean Jew! Whoever the lost ten tribes of Israel are today, they are not Jews! † â€Å"By the year 721 B. C. , the House of Israel was conquered and its people were soon driven out of their own land—out of their homes and cities—and carried captives to Assyria, near the southern shores of the Caspian Sea! † So it was in 721 B.C. that the Lost Tribes got â€Å"lost. † The Year Nothing Happened Had the tribes remained faithful to God, all would have been well, Armstrong explains. â€Å"But, if they refused and rebelled, they were to be punished seven times—a duration of 2,520 years—in slavery, servitude, and want. † They did rebel, and Armstrong theorizes that their punishment extended from 721 B. C. to A. D. 1800. And what remarkable thing happened in 1800? Well, if we don’t count the election of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency of the United States, not a whole lot.In fact, 1800 was a pretty dull year for history. But Armstrong disagrees, saying that from that date, Britain and America became world powers; the former (at that time) politically, and the latter economically (and later, also politically). According to Armstrong’s scheme, the figure of â€Å"2,520 years of punishment† is arrived at by multiplying the â€Å"seven years of punishment† by 360—the number of days in the year as it was reckoned by the ancients—on the principle that each â€Å"day† of punishment really stood for a whole year of punishment.If you think this is convoluted reasoning, just wait until you read the remainder of the argument in The United States and Britain in Prophecy. It’s enough to note here th at Armstrong determines from Scripture that the Lost Tribes ended up on islands in the sea, and these islands are northwest of Palestine. We’re told, for example, that the forty-ninth chapter of Isaiah begins with, â€Å"Listen, O isles, unto me. † Do you see how this suggests the British Isles? Armstrong says, â€Å"Take a map of Europe.Lay a line due northwest of Jerusalem across the continent of Europe, until you come to the sea, and then to the islands in the sea! This line takes you direct to the British Isles! † The skeptic might note that the line first comes to the Aegean islands, which are also in the sea—the Mediterranean Sea—but this would mean the Greeks are the Lost Tribes, therefore, the theory would not play into the desires of some British or Americans to identify themselves with the lost tribes. Linguistic Legerdemain You want more proof? Armstrong has it. The House of Israel,† he explains, â€Å"is the ‘covenant peopl e. ’ The Hebrew word for ‘covenant’ is brit [b’rith]. And the word for ‘covenant man,’ or ‘covenant people,’ would therefore sound, in English word order, Brit-ish (the word ish means ‘man’ in Hebrew, and it is also an English suffix on nouns and adjectives). And so, is it mere coincidence that the true covenant people today are called the ‘British’? And they reside in the ‘British Isles’! † This reasoning may impress some, but no linguist would take this seriously.The word â€Å"British† is not derived from Hebrew but from the Celtic word Brettas. It’s significant that the Celtic Brettas referred to the Britons, who were inhabitants of England before the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons that Armstrong claims were Israelites. One possible reason for Armstrong’s linguistic confusions may be that in Webster’s Diction-ary (for example, in the 3,200-page unabridged ed ition published in 1932—an edition Armstrong may have had access to) the entry for b’rith (Hebrew: covenant) appears sandwiched between the entries for â€Å"Britannic† and â€Å"Briticism. Perhaps he simply didn’t read carefully enough and assumed, wrongly, that b’rith must somehow be etymologically connected with the other the words before and after pertaining to things British. Neither does the common English suffix -ish derive from the Hebrew word for man. Instead, it derives from the Greek diminutive suffix -iskos It was bad enough to suggest that the word â€Å"British† is Hebrew, but he also made another claim: If you take the name â€Å"Isaac,† you see it’s easy for someone to drop the â€Å"I† when speaking quickly and to end up with â€Å"Saac† as the name of the patriarch.He had descendants, of course, and these may be called â€Å"Saac’s sons,† from which we get the word â€Å"Saxons. à ¢â‚¬  â€Å"Is it only coincidence,† asks Armstrong, â€Å"that ‘Saxons’ sounds the same as ‘Saac’s sons’—sons of Isaac? † This doesn’t even qualify as a coincidence, since Armstrong had to make up the nickname of â€Å"Saac† in order for the â€Å"coincidence† to exist. In reality, the term â€Å"Saxon† is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word â€Å"seax,† which means knife or dagger, not the Hebrew word â€Å"Isaac† (Yitskhaq), which means â€Å"laughter† (cf.Gen. 17:15–19, 18:9–15). Another Remarkable Coincidence? Armstrong found other coincidences. When the Lost Tribes were scattered, he says, they â€Å"brought with them certain remarkable things, including a harp and a wonderful stone called lia-fail, or stone of destiny. A peculiar coincidence is that Hebrew reads from right to left, while English reads from left to right. Read this name either way—and it still is lia-fail. Another strange coincidence—or is it just coincidence? is that many kings in the history of Ireland, Scotland, and England have been coronated sitting over a remarkable stone—including the present queen [sic]. The stone rests today in Westminster Abbey in London, and the coronation chair is built over and around it. A sign once beside it labeled it ‘Jacob’s pillar-stone. ’† Here Armstrong’s argument becomes even weaker. After all, one could note that Hebrew and English are not the only languages which, when contrasted, are read in different directions. For example, Arabic is read right to left, while Gaelic is read left to right.What does that prove? Nothing! Just as Armstrong’s muddled reasoning proves nothing at all about a connection between Hebrew and English. If it did, one could just as easily â€Å"prove† that the Lost Tribes were also responsible for bringing the Blarney Stone with them. And that ’s just plain blarney. Armstrongism’s Appeal What makes Armstrong’s notion so attractive to some folks? First, it appeals to their nationalistic vanity: â€Å"I’m of English descent, and now I see that I’m right in the thick of things, biblically speaking.Having English blood in my veins makes me special. It puts me above the rest of the crowd. † It also perpetuates ethnic prejudice: â€Å"Thank God I’m not Italian! I never liked Italians anyway, and now I see they aren’t descended from the Lost Tribes and so are only secondary players in the divine drama—something I always suspected. † At first glance, Armstrong’s argument seems to be based on a sophisticated understanding of Scripture: â€Å"Armstrong provides lots of citations, and I can’t find fault with his argument. It’s so convoluted and technical it

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Mobile communication channel and benefits to consumers in the 21st century - Dissertation Example es and trade press conducted and published (Manninen 2004; Taulavuori 2005; Salmela 2004; Karjaluoto & Leppaniemi 2005; Barnes 2002; Leppaniemi & Karjaluoto 2005; and Salo and Tahtinen 2005). Mobile communication channels is being viewed as the next frontier in achieving customer relation as mobile phone companies seek to market themselves through the mobile devises (Barnes and Scornavacca 2004; Facchetti et al. 2005; Denk & Hackl 2004; Kalakota and Robinson 2002; Varshney 2003; and Wang and Wang 2005). For the mobile phone manufacturers, it is not just a matter of providing a hand held device but ensuring that they provide a device that is able to provide various related benefits such as instant connectivity, increased convenience, and personalization of services. Phone manufacturers have to ensure that their devices are able to meet user's needs, such as provision of a platform that is able to support, m-commerce applications and other applications that is able to provide them with unforgettable experience. Despite the fact that increased studies have shown the benefits of mobile commercial communication, most businesses have not been able to recognise the importance of ensuring that their mobile devises are integrated with mobile communication devices that can help increase their client base and hence increased profitability. This research is intended to provide a platform for mobile phone manufacturer and users especially those that hope to increase their relationship on the business to consumer relation to be able to recognise the mobile devises produced are able to provide increased benefits to consumers and as a result, increase sales of their products and services and hence profitability. 1.1Research Objectives The main objective of the research is to help...Mobile device market is growing at a phenomenon pace. By the year 2008, Apple sold 4 million iPhones a figure, that was translated to almost 20,000 iPhones sold every day. At the same time, it was r eported that by the year ending 2007, the total percentage of web browsing on iPhone was at 0.12% of all browsing in the market. Apple’s iPhone has changed the game for many users browsing the web on a mobile device. Web developers can now create functionally rich and visually appealing applications that run within the iPhone’s version of the Safari Mobile web browser. As shown in the chart below, in the year 2012, according to International Data Corporation (IDC), in their worldwide mobile phone tracker survey, Apple has become the third largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world. This was attributed to the company’s strong launch of the iPhone 4S was listed as the primary reason that the company leapfrogged over competitors LG and ZTE in the fourth quarter of 2011. Nokia still retained its spot as the leader in mobile phone shipments due to its worldwide distribution and manufacturing presence, with Samsung emerging as the number two manufacturer, with its Android smartphone line and new Windows Phone smartphones helping the company sell more than 300 million phones in 2011. Other mobile phones that dominated included Korean LG and Chinese vendor ZTE. More significantly increase in sales was witnessed with most of the consumers, moving from low-cost feature phones to increasingly powerful smartphones that include Android and Windows Ph one-powered smartphones.