Object Permanence Example Essays

Item Permanence Example Essays Item Permanence Example Paper Item Permanence Example Paper Paper Topic: Imperceptible Man The advancement of article perpetual quality in earliest stages The investigation of formative brain research assumes a huge job in understanding the physical and mental changes experienced in people, from origination until adulthood and even passing. In newborn children, a few attributes flourish, which are either inborn or should be educated for the endurance of the youngster as development continues. Bit by bit, certain progressions are seen in the newborn child as she enhances her essential abilities and theoretical turn of events. These progressions are especially quick and include a few varieties in standards of conduct inside extremely brief periods. So as to comprehend the changes, a few formative clinicians have done some significant examination with the end goal of understanding the in any case convoluted phase of early stages in people. Noticeable in this investigation of the kid and her turn of events, is Jean Piaget, a Swiss formative analyst whose works have been a rotate around which other examination into formative brain science have spun. Jean Piaget was prestigious for his hypothesis of psychological turn of events, which is assembled into four phases of sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. This paper anyway decides to talk about a significant wonder in Piagets sensorimotor phase of subjective turn of events, which is object changelessness. It alludes to the childs capacity to comprehend that items exist freely from the kid. A youngster who has this capacity can comprehend the way that articles keep on existing regardless of whether they are not inside her prompt sight (Jean Piaget, 2003). Nonetheless, certain attributes proliferate, which go before the achievement of article lastingness in newborn children. Conspicuous among these is the strong premise of activity. As it were, activity is the most striking trait of human deduction during the sensorimotor phase of psychological turn of events (Bukatko and Daehler, 2003, p. 274). At the most punctual time of this stage, is, before one month, the newborn children developments happen because of reflex exercises and not intentional activities. The idea of article perpetual quality at this stage along these lines, is non-existent in the newborn child. Redundancy of practices in later months, for example, areola sucking and creeping anyway produces a criticism, which bring about another activity and another. Bit by bit, the baby comprehends her activities better and can utilize them to create more objective arranged activities with foreseen results, other than was the situation with the reflex, which is more inadvertent than intentional. She is then ready to separate herself from things around her and gets familiar with them. This huge accomplishment is known as means-end conduct (Bukatko and Daehler, 2003, p. 273). It is a significant reason for the turn of events and inevitable procurement of item lastingness. The idea of article perpetual quality is an extremely noteworthy accomplishment in the advancement of the newborn child at the sensorimotor stage; along these lines, it is concentrated in its six sub-stages. These sub-arranges anyway uncover unmistakable highlights in the improvement of item perpetual quality. The first of the sub-stages is that of early reflexes. It portrays the period between the introduction of a kid and when she is one month old. Activities around this time are profoundly reflexive and the kid doesn't comprehend the way that articles despite everything exist on their own when they are not, at this point in sight. The reflex activities are generally persuaded by a natural need, for instance, hunger spurs the newborn child to suck from her moms bosom without being educated (Jean Piaget, 2003). The kid between the ages of one month and four is in the subsequent sub-phase of the sensorimotor stage. This sub-stage is alluded to as the essential round response stage. It is the point at which the youngster is just intrigued by her body and nothing outer to her body is by all accounts of any extraordinary noteworthiness. At this stage, the kid rehashes a conduct, which produces intriguing outcomes fixated on her body as it were. In that capacity, the baby fits in with the truism, out of the picture and therefore irrelevant. A baby of a quarter of a year, whose toy is removed, doesn't go looking for it regardless of whether it is just positioned behind her and not some place far away. For whatever length of time that the toy isn't inside her quick view, it is no longer of any centrality as it is thus overlooked like it never existed. Newborn children at this stage, much the same as the reflex stage, subsequently, likewise come up short on the article idea. The third sub-stage is the beginning of the item changelessness wonder. It is alluded to as the optional roundabout responses stage and is a sub-phase of kids between the ages of four and eight months. During this period of improvement, there is a slow advancement of the article idea whereby halfway concealed items are looked and recovered by the newborn child after it has been seen and mostly secured from her. At this stage, the newborn child starts to coordinate more with her condition and not simply herself and practices are rehashed, much the same as in the past stage. At the end of the day, the newborn child rehashes practices, which are outside and not really part of her. This capacity to isolate self from the outside condition subsequently takes into consideration the procurement of item perpetual quality, which is still at its beginning periods. The priority important for object perpetual quality at this stage is that the newborn child sees an item first before she is tried for the idea. On the off chance that her toy is removed and covered up in part, a newborn child at this stage can follow the succession of occasions and sees a piece of it, which at that point turns into a decent hint to the revelation of the shrouded object. On the off chance that there is no piece of the toy in see and the newborn child never observed the toy removed or drop, it would anyway still not be conceivable to go looking for it at this stage. Thus, the newborn child at eight months old enough starts the stage whereby, the co-appointment of activities is currently conceivable. This stage endures till she is a year old and includes a blend of a few occasions focused on co-appointment. Exercises at this stage incorporate getting a handle on an article with one hand and attempting to get a handle on another with the other hand. Preceding this stage, this activity of co-appointment would have been inconceivable for the newborn child. The structure which object perpetual quality takes in this period of the advancement is to such an extent that is feasible for the newborn child to look for a totally shrouded object and not an in part concealed one like the model with the optional round responses stage. The newborn child, who had seen an item before on, can look for it when it has been totally covered up past view. This isn't so with the auxiliary stage whereby there should be a piece of information, similar to, a piece of the concealed item with the goal for it to be scanned for. The issue at this stage can be alluded to as the A Not-B blunder. Despite the fact that she can scan for a totally concealed item, the baby anyway has not built up the article idea completely and can just pursuit where the article had been at first and no other spot; regardless of whether she saw it moved to the new area. Moreover, the newborn child advances in the sensorimotor phase of subjective improvement by accomplishing the tertiary round responses phase of intellectual turn of events. Here, she attempts to explore different avenues regarding various activities so as to accomplish a similar outcome. For instance, a newborn child at this stage would drop a spoon from the start, at that point a fork later so as to tune in to their sound. It is portrayed by the capacity of the baby to follow noticeable relocations of an article. On the off chance that an article has been moved starting with one room then onto the next, a baby at this stage follows the development looking for the item in the other room. It is anyway significant that the newborn child sees that the article has been moved to another room so as to start the pursuit because of the removal. The age scope of youngsters in this gathering is twelve and eighteen months. The most significant occasion vital for them is that they see the dislodging occur, so as to have the option to follow it. They are in this way said to have the capacity to follow obvious removal of an item. Item changelessness is a slow procedure in the improvement of a newborn child, which isn't accomplished in a brief time yet creates with time. As talked about in going before passages, it starts bit by bit at around five months however at its beginning periods. The last sub-phase of the sensorimotor period of improvement anyway compares to the full advancement of article perpetual quality in youngsters. It is alluded to as the phase of innovation of new methods through mental mixes (Bukatko and Daehler, 2003, p. 273). This is the period when the youngster is between the ages of eighteen months and two years. Toward the finish of this phase of improvement, the advancement of the idea of item perpetual quality is finished in many babies. This phase of improvement is likewise described by the newborn children capacity to mirror companions and individuals from her family. She is likewise right now, ready to thoroughly consider expected answers for little issues. It is this capacity to thoroughly consider that allows her the differentiation contrasted with offspring of the last phase of tertiary round responses. In contrast to youngsters in the past stage, those of this phase of improvement can follow imperceptible relocations of an article. A toy which has been expelled from one room and set in another, similarly just like the case in tertiary roundabout responses can likewise be followed and looked for in the new area. The distinction howeve

The Republic Essay Paper Example For Students

The Republic Essay Paper The RepublicBook One of The Republic opens up with a conversation among Socrates and Cephalus, Polemarchus father, about mature age and riches. Cephalus passes on to Socrates that he thinks being affluent doesn't really make you a more joyful individual, yet being well off makes it less complex to lead a decent or good life. Cephalus is cited as follows,Its in this association that riches is generally important, Id state, not for each man however for a tolerable an efficient one. Riches can do a great deal to spare us from cheating or misdirect somebody without wanting to from withdrawing for that other spot in dread since we penance to a decent or cash to an individual. It has numerous different uses, at the same time, advantage for advantage, Id state this is the means by which it is generally valuable to a man of any understanding. Socrates contends this announcement of assessment by Cephalus, by saying that if carrying on with an equitable life is essentially simply coming clean or giving back your debts,than that can now and again be an inappropriate or treacherous activity. He gives the case of obtaining a blade from a companion, who inevitably returns for his blade however looks loaded with rage and has goals of wrong-doing, than giving him the blade back which you owe him is surely an inappropriate activity. Cephalus, not so much keen on carrying on the contention exits from the discussion and his child, Polemarchus, fights Socrates contention and proceeds to give his different meanings of what Justice really implies. Polemarchus introductory definition was giving everybody what is suitable or right to them, and it isn't fitting to give hurtful things to your companions. Summing up his definition, he is stating, Justice is satisfying your companions and hurting your foes. Socrates assaults this definition contending that you shouldnt return abhorrent with insidious in light of the fact that it isn't simply to present mischief to anybody. After Polymarch us concurs with Socrates contention, Thrasymachus, who is sick of hearing all the contending and discussing needs Socrates to mention to them what his meaning of Justice is. Socrates discloses to him that he doesnt himself realize what it is and he is in quest for discovering what Justice us. Thrasymachus then proceeds to give his own meaning of what is Just.His definition depends on the possibility that what is correct is what is to the greatest advantage of the more grounded party, where a ruler makes laws of his own advantages, and that is directly for the more fragile gathering to adhere to his laws. The conversation has to some degree moved from the meaning of Justice, to the capacities and obligations of a leader of a state. When Thrasymachus returns to theoriginal conversation of Justice, he says Justice is for blockheads and individuals live alleged great laws since they are prepared that way and are really terrified of doing in any case. He is fundamentally saying that grea t activities are stupid and fainthearted, while insidious activities are useful for society. In the staying of Book One Socrates assaults Thrasymachus mutilated perspective on what ethical quality is. We will compose a custom exposition on The Republic Paper explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In Book Two Glaucon communicates his disappointment with Socrates and Thrasymachus contention of Justice by saying But Im not yet fulfilled by the contention on either side. I need to comprehend what equity and shamefulness are and what power every itself has when its without anyone else in the spirit. I need to keep separate from account their prizes and what originates from every one of them. In this way, in the event that you concur, Ill reestablish the contention of Thrasymachus. In the first place, Ill state what sort of thing individuals believe equity to be and what its causes are. Second, Ill contend that all who practice it do so reluctantly, as something important , as they do, for the life of an unreasonable individual is, they state, far superior to that of an only one. The reason for Glaucons introducing these perspectives, which are not his own perspectives, is in endeavors of hearing what Socrates needs to state against them. I feel that he is predominantly looking to discover from Socrates why it is in reality better to carry on with an equitable life versus a shameful life. .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .postImageUrl , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:visited , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:active { border:0!important; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:active , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a5731 1a0e162463ceb .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Senior Citizens EssaySocrates begins to answer Glaucon by giving a correlation, whi..ch was The examination were attempted isn't a simple one however requires sharp visual perception, we were to peruse little letters from a separation and afterward saw that similar letters existed somewhere else in a bigger size and on a bigger surface.Wed think of it as a gift from heaven, I think, to be permitted to peruse the bigger ones first and afterward to inspect the littler ones, to see whether they are actually the equivalent. Socrates is stating that equity exists in urban communities, or networks, which are bigger than people and to get J ustice, we should analyze Justice from a bigger perspective as a network, so as to make it simpler to realize what it is on an individual level. What Socrates is beginning to do is available his concept of what an Ideal State is. He speaks a lot about troopers, or as he calls them gatekeepers. He feels they ought to be completely instructed and prepared while they are youngsters since they will be the future heads of the state. He accepts youngsters ought to be recounted to moral elevating anecdotes pretty much all the different Greek Gods and Heroes, however they shouldnt be presented to abhorrent stories including murder and passing since it might make them be fainthearted and frightful. In the last piece of Book Two, Socrates addressed the subject of rudimentary instruction, and in Book Three, he discusses how these ethical stories he recently talked about ought to be introduced to the kids. Socrates says This closes our conversation of the substance of stories. We should now, I think, research their style, for well at that point have completely explored both what ought to be said and how it ought to be said. Socrates discusses two distinct styles in which these accounts can be advised to the kids they are story and authentic structure. I think what he implies by illustrative structure is something like a play where on-screen characters are showcasing these accounts. Additionally in Book Three, Plato depicts the sorts of music these kids or people in the future ought to hear. He feels they ought to hear melodies that are useful for the spirit, passionate, inspiring tunes. I think a case of what he is discussing could be applied in todays terms as a tune like R Kelly s I Believe I Can Fly. Toward the finish of Book Three, Socrates is discussing how to isolate the kids or future watchmen into classes. He says the absolute best gatekeepers ought to turn into the rulers, whose capacities is to lead the network considering the network eventual benefits. He likewise discusses the helpers, whose obligation is to execute the rulers choices, in our general public today they would presumably be the police officer, troopers, judges, etc. Ultimately, he depicts the specialists, whose obligation is to accomplish the gifted work a general public needs to work, they would be the specialists, ranchers, handymen, etc. At long last we have shown up at Book Four in which Socrates discusses the reason for finding the state was not to fulfill the rulers yet to satisfy the network as a sum. He likewise says we cant potentially discover equity in a general public where one class commands and has all the favorable circumstances over another class. Yet, he additionally expresses that we have to maintain a strategic distance from two limits: outrageous riches and extraordinary poverty,like if a skilled workers turns out to be incredibly well off and doesnt need to rehearse his exchange any longer. For instance say a handyman wins the lottery and he needs to quit any pretense of plumbing and this infectiously happens our state will endure. Socrates at that point goes on and feels he has discovered this perfect state he has been seeking after. He says since its an ideal society we ought to have four extraordinary temperances of knowledge, boldness, discipl

Concise Writing Techniques Give Your Writing the Marie Kondo Treatment

Concise Writing Techniques Give Your Writing the Marie Kondo Treatment There is a reason Marie Kondos methods have become a new lifestyle for people in everyday organizationâ€"they work, make sense, and make life easier to manage. What if you could do the same thing for your writing?In this article, well take a look at some of the classic rules that have been known to make writing easier, while introducing other good habits to develop when it comes to the craft of writing. Whether youre a fiction writer, a content writer, a technology writer, blogger, or anything in-between, these tips will apply to you. So, without further to do, lets get to our first concise writing technique:Tip #1: No adverbsWeve all been taught this rule, whether you have taken writing classes, studied craft books, or scoured the Internet for tips. The ultimate concise rule of writing is: No adverbs. Adverbs are telling words and they usually simply reinforce what has already been shown, or needs to be shown. They do not sound natural, and they throw the reader off.What if you had a bunch of Christmas decorations cluttering your houseâ€"when it wasnt Christmas timeâ€"in boxes because you didnt have the right storage method? Well, people would probably think it looked messy and didnt belong there, right? Its the same with adverbs. You can always find a better way than an adverb. This brings us to our next technique, another classic tip.Much like a cluttered house can look messy, your writing will look cluttered with too many adverbs. Photo by Onur Bahçivancilar on UnsplashTip #2: Show vs. tellThis is a golden rule that you can find in any craft book or from any editor. It takes a long time to strike the balance of showing and telling, especially when a writer is first starting out. Always be on the lookout for these opportunities and ask yourself: Have I appealed to any of the five senses? If the answer is no, then you are probably telling.Use your sensory descriptions. Telling takes up space and disengages the reader. Show them with some visceral and sensory details what is going on without having to give them an info dump. Trust your readers and your writing when it comes to show vs. tell. Just like we are trusting Marie Kondo with the organization of our homes. Because it has proven to be successful and make people happierâ€"most peoples favorite writing has appealed to their senses, so why not follow what has proven to be successful? Lets continue with the simplicity in our next technique.Tip #3: Delete filler wordsHow many times do you find yourself writing words like very, just, like, really, etc? Pretty (theres another one!) much any time you write words like these, you can simply delete them when revising and editing. They do not contribute anything more to your writing. Just like those filler objects that do not spark any joy for you! I guarantee you that your filler words wont be sparking joy in yourself or the reader. Delete, delete, delete.Lets even go a step further with this last rule. When editing, delete anything that do esnt move your story, article, and content forward in terms of momentum. Ask yourself if what you have written introduces us to something newâ€"if not, then you should probably delete it. Also ask yourself if what you have written is repetitive from previous sectionsâ€"if yes, then delete that, too.It can be really difficult as a writer to not only see when the tension is lost in our writing, but also difficult in terms of letting writing go that we like and have worked hard at creating. However, this is how our writing becomes cluttered and we lose readers attention. There is a classic quote often attributed to William Faulkner about writing, Murder your darlings. Think about this when it comes to Marie Kondo techniquesâ€"it doesnt spark the proper joy in your writing (i.e., it isnt doing what it is supposed to). So, therefore, make sure you thank yourself and that beautiful piece of writing you put forth, and simply save it for a later dateâ€"it may very well belong in a different piece.Tip #4: In dialogue, use saidAnother way to ensure conciseness in your writing is to use said as a dialogue tag instead of anything else, such as exclaimed, stammered, laughed, demanded, etc. These other words are overcomplicated and distract the reader from the line of dialogue, whereas said usually slips right by with simplicity and the reader wont even register the word, but will be drawn directly to the dialogue, which is your main goal. Dont distract the reader unless it is intentional; otherwise, you will be steering them down the wrong path. Much like showing vs. telling, trust your writing and your reader, and let the dialogue show what the tag you may have wanted to initially use was going to.This is another similar technique to no adverbs, using said, and showing vs. telling in that it keeps things simple. There is a classic quote from Mark Twain on writing: Dont use a five-dollar word when a fifty-cent word will do. This basically sums up simplicity and being conci se in itself. Dont distract your reader with unnecessary fancy words, but rather make your pointâ€"choose the correct word.Tip #5: Use active voiceSo often we see writers writing in the passive voice and it is both jarring and disengaging. An example of active voice would be: She looked at him. Now compare this with passive voice: The eyes of the girl watched the man. The girl is the one doing the watching, even if it is her eyes that take in an appearanceâ€"they are attached to her and her brain! So, which example sounds more pleasing and keeps it simple? I would even go further to say that the active voice example shows us more in terms of feeling and thought that could be taking place for the girl. Always stay active in writingâ€"and organizing, of course!Tip #6: Create an outlineCreating an outline could be directly compared to Marie Kondos infamous folding technique. The reason people love this technique so much is because they can see what each item of clothing is when they op en the drawer, and the space-saving simplicity is a major bonus. This is similar to an outline. In an outline, you can see each step that you must complete laid out in a tidy way. The simplicity is more in time saved spent on editing the un-outlined text rather than space saving in your drawers, but both are equally satisfying. And you may find that your outline sparks some serious joy.Along the same lines as the outline and comparable to Marie Kondos folding technique, you can also create an outline for personal deadlines. Obviously, if you have strict deadlines from a third party then you will want to adhere to those, but mapping out your timeframe yourself can be a great time-saver, and keep you meeting deadlines whether they be your own or someone elses. They let you see each part of the process as you tackle these stepsâ€"much like seeing all your shirts in a row in the drawer!Outlining can be a great way to achieve more concise writing. Photo by Adeolu Eletu on Unsplash.Tip #7 : Word sprintsAnother technique to try out is word sprints. This is a really efficient way to get a ton of writing done in a short time. You can designate exactly what you are going to work on and set a timer (usually for thirty minutes or so). You then write as much as possible in those thirty minutes and when the timer goes off you take a break. You can do as many as you want with set breaks in-between. The challenge will be to determine honestly when you know you will burn out so that you do not set unrealistic expectations for yourself. This is not only efficient, but can be really funâ€"much like tackling your home in one area at a time to organize.Another rule to keep in mind to make your writing engaging, clear, and easy to read is to vary sentence and paragraph length, and even chapter lengths if youre writing a book. Think about it in terms of how you would organize your clothes versus how you would organize your silverwareâ€"not every method works for every item. This is t he same for sentences and paragraphs. Some need to be shorter in order to function as theyre meant to and some need to be longer to convey the ideas. This will keep your readers feeling a sense of ease because your writing wont be making them do any hard work.Tip #8: Know what your topic is before you beginIf outlining doesnt work for you in the beginning, at least know or have an idea of what you want to say. You wouldnt tackle a drawer full of clutter without knowing how you were going to reorganize it, would you? Knowing what you want to say and identifying that it is a worthwhile message will create ease in your writing process, and probably make it quicker as well.There you have it, our most concise writing techniques that can be applied to any genre. Whether youre thinking about beginning the project, just getting started, or well into the editing phaseâ€"keep our guidelines in mind. And remember, you started this journey because it sparks joy, so keep that alive as you move f orward!

The Importance of Ethics in Counselling - 904 Words

Ethics can be an extremely difficult subject to define and discuss as it closely related to one’s own unique moral, cultural, and spiritual values. Within the counselling profession however there is a strict ethical framework which must be adhered to. This framework has been developed over the years to insure integrity, confidentiality, and responsibility on the part of the counsellor. In this essay I will discuss briefly the importance of ethics within the counselling profession, I will also outline a few of the major ethical dilemmas that might possibly arise while working in the field of counselling. â€Å"The primary role of the counsellor is not one of merely using techniques. It is essentially an ethical task. Simply stated, it is to†¦show more content†¦A common phenomenon which is likely to occur in the field of counselling is the phenomenon we refer to as transference and counter transference. In a therapeutic context, transference refers to redirection of a clients feelings for a significant person to the counsellor. This behaviour can often manifest as a sexual attraction toward the counsellor. It can also be seen in many other forms such as extreme dependence, parentification, mistrust, hatered, and many more besides. Counter transference is defined as a redirection of a counsellors feelings toward a client. For example: a counsellor might be unconsciously seeking to fulfil his or her need for love or power in the therapeutic relationship with the client. A counsellors attunement to their own counter transference is nearly as critical as understanding transference. In either dilemma the counsellors own moral values and the ethical code of their profession and accrediting body may be jeprodized or heavily challenged. If such an instance should occur it would be the ethical responsibility of the counsellor to bring their dilemma to their supervisor where it can be explored and challenged in order to save the therapeutic relationship with the client in question. If it is not resolved appropriately it then becomes the responsibility of the counsellor to use their right to referral. Counsellors shouldShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Counseling And Psychological Association Ethical Decision Making1132 Wo rds   |  5 Pageshead: COUNSELLING SCENARIO ONE 2 Counselling Ethics Scenario One Alanna Sampson Yorkville University For the purpose of this paper, I will analyze an ethics-based issue and make reference to ethical codes/standards and legislation. I will explain how I would respond to the ethical dilemma by using an ethical decision making model. Martin, Shepard and Lehr (2015) outline the Canadian Counseling and Psychological Association ethical decision-making process in their ethics-basedRead MoreThe Placement Agency I Have Been Working With Since August 2015826 Words   |  4 Pages Operating in the Greater Western Sydney region for the past 25 years, the purpose of the organisation is to provide job seekers with support services and deliver programs including job seeking skills training, on and off the job mentoring and counselling as a pathway to sustainable employment (Global Skills, 2016). As an integrated service that connects job seekers with employers who may have been long term unemployed, their clientele encompasses people from multilingual and Indigenous backgroundRead MoreCounselor Beware Of Ethical Sovencies1260 Words   |  6 Pagesfor others, while maintaining the professional guidelines of ethics. Effective counseling is a two-way street. It takes a cooperative effort by both the person receiving counseling and the counselor. And it takes a commitment to make sometimes difficult changes in behavior or thinking patterns in all parties involved. Ethics are guidelines that are based on the basic principles of the counselor/patient code of ethics. The code of ethics is listed in the guide provided by, The American CounselingRead MoreThe Role Of Professional And Ethical Codes1499 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious psychological settings. Due to this, regulations have been implemented to guide psychologists’ actions when these issues occur; these include codes from the Australian Psychological Society (APS), the Australian Counselling Association (ACA) and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA). These codes with the assistance o f therapeutic techniques are the core components that help provide beneficial recovery for all clients; this will be explored through the topics of cyberRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1047 Words   |  5 Pagescode of ethics (2000), I was able to identify the existence of conflict between respecting the woman’s desire to receive online counselling (Principle I) and not knowing whether online counselling intervention would effectively support her without causing harm (Principle II). However, it is also important that I adhere to Principle II and provide online support if the woman does not find it acceptable, within her culture and due to living in a remote location, to seek face-to-face counselling servicesRead MoreRoles and Functions of the Guidance Counsellor1482 Words   |  6 Pagesand out of the school system. Outside of the school system these professionals focus and interest is more on counselling and as a result are called counsellors. Guidance Counsellors form a part of the helping profession. They are professional helpers who have had graduate level training in the study of human behaviour, have a variety of helping techniques and supervised interships, counselling individuals and groups. Gibson and Mitchell (1999) describes a helping profession as one in which the membersRead MorePastoral Counselling And The Ethnic Church Context1614 Words   |  7 PagesPublished article-reading and analysis Nupur James Pastoral Counselling in the Ethnic Church Context PAST 0653 Instructor: Dr. Vincent Poon Date: February 9th, 2016 â€Å"Counselling attempts to provide encouragement and guidance for those who are facing losses, decisions or disappointments. As a Christian counsellor we seek to bring people in to relationship with Christ and help them to find forgiveness and relief.† In this paper we will aim to analyse the Journal article writtenRead MoreEssay on Counseling Ethics804 Words   |  4 Pagesboundaries of relationship with help seekers, co workers and governing institutions, and Non Malefiscence, and prompt referral action- when appropriate are of paramount importance. So then, following this ethics code ensures decision making and application is credible and can bear public scrutiny. FOUNDATIONS OF THE CODE WHAT IS ETHICS? Ethics is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions of what actions and inactions are right or wrong, questions, about morality, about concepts of good or bad actionsRead MoreEthical Dilemma Working with Hiv Positive Client923 Words   |  4 PagesI am a registered counsellor working in a hospital in Malaysia. The client has been referred by doctor in order for him to go through counselling. Recently he came to hospital to carry yearly medical check-up for various tests including HIV test. Results showed all tests carried out are in good condition except the HIV test result is positive. From the counselling intake session, I also know that he is sexually active and has not told any of his partners about this. Isn’t it my ethical responsibilityRead MoreMy Name Is Louise Of The Central Coast, New South Wales1594 Words   |  7 Pagestail tonight,† and encourage me to have a few drinks to try and loosen up but it isn’t fixing the issue, only masking it for an hour or two. I believe I would want to work with a counsellor who makes use of Carl Rogers therapy of person centred counselling because the therapy is simpler, warmer and more optimistic than behavioural or psychodynamic approaches. It allows the counsellor to focus on the current subject rather than trying to figure out my unconscious motives or the counsellor trying to

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Transportation Fuel

Use of compressed natural gas, or CNG, as an alternative vehicle fuel is growing in significance with many city-owned fleets converting to the fuel. Though not renewable, CNG still holds some advantages over other fossil fuels such as petroleum. Here are five quick takeaways to help you understand the use of CNG as a transportation fuel. The Safety of Compressed Natural Gas One of the first questions raised about the use of CNG in vehicles is safety. Maybe its because of its stealth persona as an odorless, colorless gas, but natural gas tends to strike fear into people over worries of explosion or related catastrophes. Yet, compressed natural gas has actually grown in popularity because it is seen, by those who actually know the facts, as a safe fuel choice. In fact, its not too hard to see why CNG is actually considered to be safer than gasoline. Natural gas is lighter than air, so a spill wont puddle the way gasoline will nor will it sink close to the ground like propane. Instead, CNG rises into the air and then dissipates in the atmosphere. In addition, CNG has a higher ignition temperature. In other words, its harder to ignite. Finally, CNG storage systems are much stronger than the typical gasoline tank found on a car or truck. Where CNG Comes From So where does CNG come from? The answer lies deep beneath your feet because natural gas is an organic compound, deposited deep within the earth. Although considered an alternative fuel, unlike many of its counterparts, natural gas is a fossil fuel and is primarily methane comprised of hydrogen and carbon. It is estimated that there are enough reachable deposits of natural gas below the Earths surface to last long after stores of petroleum have been depleted, though the supply is not infinite by any stretch. In addition, there is controversy over the environmental impact of fracking, the method used to reach natural gas deposits lying deeper under the Earths surface. Using Natural Gas For Vehicles The process of allowing natural gas to be used by a vehicle begins with natural gas being compressed and entering the vehicle through the natural gas dispenser or other filling means. From there, it goes directly into high-pressure cylinders located somewhere on the vehicle. When the car is accelerated, CNG leaves this on-board storage cylinder, passes along the fuel line and then enter the engine compartment where it enters the regulator which reduces the pressure from as high as 3,600 psi down to atmospheric pressure. A natural gas solenoid valve enables natural gas to move from the regulator into the gas mixer or fuel injectors. Mixed with air, natural gas flows on through the carburetor or the fuel injection system and from there, enters the engines combustion chambers. Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles Although over 25 automakers produce nearly 100 models of natural gas vehicles and engines for the U.S. market, the only CNG vehicle available for personal consumer use is made by Honda. CNGs market in the U.S. has been primarily for transit buses, where over 10,000 are currently used in the country. Its estimated that about one in five buses currently on order are CNG vehicles. But numbers elsewhere around the world are much high with an estimated 7.5 million natural gas vehicles on the streets globally. Thats twice what there was as recently as 2003. Its forecasted that by 2020, more than 65 million NGVs will be in use worldwide. CNG is Cost Effective CNG is also economically attractive. The U.S. Department of Energy has reported that the average nationwide price of a gallon of gas equivalent of CNG was as low as $2.04 per gallon in recent years. Prices are even lower in some areas of the country. Local and state governments have reported having their fuel bills cut in half by increasing the use of natural gas vehicles.

Quality Control of Parenterals Free Essays

From Greek, Para outside; enter=intestine and exerts their action by directly entering into the systemic circulation. The quality of prankster’s is the sum of all parameters that contribute to safety, efficacy and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Drug products administered by injection are characterized by three qualities pertinacity, and freedom from particulate matter. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Control of Parenterals or any similar topic only for you Order Now The USPS compendia requirements has recommended the following tests for parentally products: 1 . Pyroxene Testing. 2. Sterility Testing. 3. Particulate matter Testing. 4. Package integrity Test. 5. Safety Test. Pyroxene Testing Pyroxene are fever producing substances, which are metabolic products of microorganisms. Chemically, they are lipid substances associated with a carrier molecule, which is usually a polysaccharide. Pyroxene are produced by many microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and McCollum. Most potent pyroxene are the antitoxins produced from the cell walls of the Gram- negative bacteria. Pyroxene can cause a lot of damage, if they are injected into a human being. Hence every batch of parentally is tested for the presence of pyroxene. Page Number 5 Following Tests are Performed for Pyroxene testing: A. Rabbit Pyroxene Test (RPR) B. Ilium’s Embody Alyssa (ALA) Test C. Monocot Activation Test (MAT) A. Rabbit Pyroxene Test (RPR) Introduction Selection of animals Animal quarters Retaining boxes Materials Thermometer Preliminary test Main test Interpretation 0 Introduction It is an in vivo test to detect the presence of pyroxene in parental to ensure their quality standards. In 1942 it was added on USPS as official test but it was replaced with ALA test in 1982. Biologic are still tested with RPR Early indention detection was accomplished by injecting rabbits with the sample and observing the response in their body temperature. Rabbits have similar indention tolerance to humans, and were thus an ideal choice. However, this method was costly, time consuming, and prompted protests from animals rights advocates. But perhaps the biggest drawback of this test was its inability to quantify the indention level. img class="wp-image-34548 alignright" src="https://donemyessay.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/quality-control-of-parenteral-preparations-4-638-300x225.jpg" alt="Quality Control of Parenterals" width="512" height="384" / Selection of animals Rabbits are used in this test because they show similar response as in humans. Following is selection criteria according to USPS 0 Albino rabbits should be used which grams in weight. 0 Rabbit should not loss its weight during week of test 0 Rabbit should be physically healthy 0 Rabbit should be on balance diet 0 Rabbit should not be administered with any anti body 7th – A I Survivors I The University of Lahore Page Number 6 0 The rabbits which are used three days before in a negative pyroxene test are not used 0 The rabbits which are used two weeks before in a positive pyroxene test are not used 0 Animal quarters Rabbits should be kept in special cages and individual rabbit in a single cage. Quarter and cage should be fulfilled following criteria: 0 Design of cage should be certified from ALL (American association of accreditation of laboratory animals) 0 Temperature of quarter should be 20 to 30 degree Celsius (temperature of performance area should also be in this range with deviation of 3) 0 If temperature of performance area is different from area where animals are kept then animals must be brought in performance area 18 hours before test 0 In performance area there should not be noise, due to noise temperature of rabbit can rise from 0. To 10 degree Celsius , which become normal after 6 to 9 hours. 0 Retaining boxes Rabbits are kept in separate boxes 1 hour before performance, design of boxes should be such that body can easily move and neck is at opening side. 0 Materials Materials such as syringes glassware etc. Should be washed with water for injection and place in hot air oven at 200 degree Celsius for 1 hour or at 250 degree Celsius for 30 minutes for dehydroge nation.. Treat all diluents and solutions for washing and rinsing of devices or parentally injection assemblies in a manner that will assure that they are sterile and pyroxene -free. Periodically perform control pyroxene tests on representative portions of the diluents and solutions for washing or rinsing of the apparatus. 7th – A I Survivors The University of Lahore Page Number 7 0 Thermometer theorists probes or similar probes that have been calibrated to assure an accuracy of ? ±0. 1 0 and have been tested to determine that a maximum reading is reached in less than 5 minutes. Rectal thermometer is used in this test which is calibrated with 1 degree Celsius marks. Thermometer is inserted at depth of 5 centimeter. Temperature should be measured within 5 minutes. 0 Preliminary test Measure the temperature 1-1. 5 hours before test 0 Wash the marginal ear vein with ethyl alcohol (antiseptic) ethyl alcohol also act as clearing agent. 0 Now inject pyroxene free water with dose of 10 ml per keg. 0 Measure the temperature at intervals of 30 minutes for 3 hours 0 Any rabbit showing variation in temperature of 0. 6 degree will not be used in main tests. 0 Main test Select three rabbits which are passed in the preliminary test. Monitor the temperature and inject the product after 90 minutes in marginal ear vein Dose should be 0. Ml/keg to 10 ml/keg as specified in individual monogram Product can be eluted with pyroxene free water or any solvent recommended in official books Quantity of drug is as in monogram. 0 Measurement of temperature and pyroxene response Measure the initial temperatures within 40 minutes of injection for this purpose take one readin g at after 10 minutes and second after 30 minutes average of both will be the initial temperature. 7th – A I Survivors The University of Lahore Page Number 8 Now monitor the temperature for 3 hours at the intervals of 30 minutes and note the highest temperature. How to cite Quality Control of Parenterals, Papers

Management and Mitchell Essay Example

Management and Mitchell Essay Presented by: LEE CHAI LING 803654 Synopsis * Carl Mitchell took a job offer in the branch office of General Products, Inc. , multinational consumer products corporation at the British. * Two months later, Mitchell was miserable with his general manager – George Garrow. * Garrow is a uncritical thinking style by accept what his leaders’ idea. He make sure always by â€Å"keeping his nose clean† and not making errors, which he complete task by avoiding controversial and risky decisions. Mitchell always been asked to provide more data which he think are irrelevant when manager cannot make decision. Cont’d * Garrow seem terrified of departing from the status quo. * He measured progress by hours spent in the office, and expected all the staff will do same. * After 4 months, the branch business was slipping. Mitchell argue need implement new pricing and promotion strategies. * Mitchell was told be patience and maintain the old management style. Soon after, have two product managers quit. Q1: How would you evaluate Mitchell as a follower? Evaluate his courage and style. Answer: * think for himselves and carry out assignments with energy and enthusiasm. * He committed to something outside his own self-interest. * He is carry effective follower style, which a critical, independent thinker and active in the organization. * He is participate willingly what he is being asked to do, but he do not try to avoid risk or conflict. * He keep ask Garrow for making change in organization, meanwhile also follow superior instruction to prepare long proposal and data. * Mitchell has the courage to serve. He can provide strength to his leader by supporting the leader’s decisions and by contributing to the organization in areas that complement the leader’s position. * So far, Mitchell experience provide 30 more pages of data, most of data are irrelevant. * spent weeks preparing graphs and charts, but leader act waffling when viewing data and request for others more information. Q2: If you were Mitchell, what would you do now? Answer: * Be proactive. He has ability to choose and to act integrity. * He can use persuasion as a source of personal power. He has to speak up to leaders when think leader do wrong, and tell leader what he think. The knowledge and skills that follower own can be influence the leader decision. * Help the leader be a good leader. Rather than complaining at the back, try look way the leader can improve their management skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Mitchell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Mitchell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Mitchell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer * The courage to leave. When feel with the existing leader or an organization unwilling to make necessary changes, it is time to leave this company. Q3: If you were Garrow’s boss and Mitchell came to see you, what would you say? Answer: * Develop and communicate strong beliefs. bring subordinate aboard, excite them about his vision, and earn their support. * Leader also is a follower at one time situation. * He need follow management decision. The organization is depend on one another. * Think Win-Win * Understanding that without cooperation, the organization cannot succeed. * Building relationship with followers Minimize the boundaries between leader and followers. * Try to be honest and competent when followers hope to get explanation from leader side. * From the conversation, build a trust to the Mitchell and give positive feedback.

buy custom Wal-Mart as a Company essay

buy custom Wal-Mart as a Company essay Wal-Mart as a company is successful. They have been able to meet the needs of the consumer and at the same time get high returns for their business. Their big secret for this is making use of the latest technology and low prices for the consumer. Debates and interviews have been made on whether the company is good for America or not. Many people see the benefits of Wal-Mart as a firm and attribute it to the economic transformation that America has experienced. Wal-Mart as a firm has brought a great transformation in the American economy. The consumers have always demanded goods that they could afford in the consumer market. Unfortunately, they have been subject to exorbitant prices from the retailers, who have had no option due to high prices passed on to them by the manufacturer. Wal-Mart has therefore come in as a great relief for both the retailer and the consumer. As we speak, the retailer has the greatest say, with the manufacturer having to adjust the costs. This is a big step into better business, with better products and great bargains for goods and services. The consumer also has more choices. They can buy goods that come from the global market unlike earlier on when they would have to make a lot of effort to receive such goods. Other nations have been able to succeed forming the move. For example the suppliers such as China and Asian countries have doubled up their returns, making it more attractive for many other nations to move towards the same direction. It has also made it easy for the balance of payments to reduce due to the heavy transactions carried out everyday. The deficits that once existed and looked impossible to do away with them have truly been reduced. Therefore many nations may want to get business deals with such companies. The market in China for example has become busy, their ports full of activity and more of this is expected in the future. However some other people argue that the Americans want better standards of living than they want low priced goods. They want to be kept in a formal employment with a decent salary at the end of the day, something that Wal-Mart has done away with. They feel that the profit the company makes is nothing comparable to the many needs of the American citiz en. Wal-Mart has brought in a great economic benefit to the Americans. The critics of the same may have genuine concerns but the company cannot be done away with. The benefits are away above what has been the expectation of the majority. However, the disadvantages must be checked to ensure that Americans are able to embrace the companys ideas and efforts wholeheartedly. Buy custom Wal-Mart as a Company essay

How to Write an Essay on Personal Philosophy of Success

How to Write an Essay on Personal Philosophy of Success Personal Philosophy of Success General guidelines How to start How to create the outline How to write the thesis How to write the introduction How to write body paragraphs How to conclude Essay revision Personal Philosophy of Success (Essay Sample) General guidelines Personal philosophy success is based on inner ability that is portrayed outside after someone takes a single step. Personal philosophy contains strategies for achieving the success that the essay writer demonstrates to the reader with various considerations. It also contains extensive support by giving experience, examples, and evidence. Personal philosophy paper should also include the writer’s commitment and how the preparations were undertaken for the forthcoming success. How to start One can start a personal philosophy essay by demonstrating three or more strategies for your success. For instance, these can be class work, reading magazines, listening to motivational speakers or even having a mentor. For each and every strategy give a clear detail of how to achieve. Secondly, have a well-composed paper as this will enable the audience to consider your points valid and achievable. How to create the outline An outline composes from the items to be discussed. One can start by introducing the strategies of success and then give a clear thesis statement. The body will contain the storyline of success as well as the evidence or examples of success. A conclusion is the last part when one has handled the content very well. How to write the thesis A thesis statement gives the whole picture of the body. The thesis statement contains the topic or the heading; for instance, self-motivation or personal responsibility. When the thesis statement gives the whole concept of the body, it is followed by main points of success. How to write the introduction A good introduction contains sentences that will catch the attention of the reader. Personal philosophy essay should contain an introduction that includes well-planned strategies of success. Secondly, it should reveal some information about a motivating factor for the success as well as a brief story of oneself. One can start by using a personal narrative that will enable the reader to have background information of the writer. Personal philosophy success essay contains details on ideas and the main points that lead to success. One introduces him or herself with a brief background story and with what might have pushed him or her to lay a strategy for the success. The thesis statement will highlight every point to be discussed in the body. One also should give valid details about success. How to write body paragraphs A body is the center of an essay as everything is discussed mainly in the body. What transpired to the success is well elaborated in the body. Personal philosophy essay contains relevant means or ways in which one uses to succeed. One may have been in a difficult situation but the strategy you use will determine your success. You need to highlight all points from the major to minor. Discuss every point while giving relevant examples or evidence that support your main points How to conclude Personal philosophy essay needs to be finished in a way that the audience or reader is satisfied with. You can provide the story and the strategies you use for succeeding. All the points are summarized in the finishing paragraph. The summarized points need to be well written and well phrased in order for the reader to be fully satisfied with your strategy. Essay revision Revising your essay is vital. Check the grammar, tenses and make sure that all the sentences are well structured and they are able to give clear ideas. One needs to ensure that the essay brings sense to the reader. Personal Philosophy Essay Sample: Personal Philosophy of Success I view the personal philosophy of success as hope or dream or a way one has a dream but is not fulfilled due to several circumstances. For instance, one has a degree in a certain field but his or her desire is to have several degrees. Such kind of a person has a personal philosophy that he wants to fulfill. Another good example is when a person does not have anything that he/she has achieved but has several ambitions in life. This person has a personal philosophy that will enable him or her to find strategies for fulfilling their dreams. You and I can be one of those people having nothing or something, for instance, a degree, but our motivations come in when we have a well-laid strategy of fulfilling our wishes. Some time back, I used to question life like Why things happen the way they are? Why was I created? What is my purpose in life, what does the future hold for me? This question led me to gather my mind together and have a well-laid structure of doing things in life. I came from a humble background that really helped me realize my full potential in life. Looking back to those who gave effort for me to be the way I am is a great motivation. My dream was to become a doctor who will save lives in various ways. This dream was driven by the fact that my grandparents died in front of my eyes just because of poor medication. It really caught my heart in surprise because at that time I believed that hospital was the place for the sick to be treated and not die. I always wanted to be the person that save lives of others and also cure several diseases that have troubled the human race. The second thing that really drove me was to be the role model for the young generation to come in the near future. Because of my dream, I gave the way to good things that would support my dream rather than those that will kill my dream; for instance, alcohol, drugs, immorality and more so peer pressure. The three factors gave me the way to my dream. Where I am today is because of the well-laid strategy of achieving goals. One of the strategies was to read smart and finish schooling up to the masters’ level. Paying attention in class, reading quality books, watching motivation speakers on television are the things that gave me the light. Later, I graduated with a doctorate degree in medicine because of the strategies I laid. My mother was my motivator. She once told me that Success is something anyone in this world can achieve if he or she loves and is fully devoted because anyone can achieve a given dream when the strategies are well put. If one has a dream, just go for it and do not look at anything. That discouraging part is when you lose hope and lose focus on your way to achieve your dream. Always be focused on everything. I am now a doctor because of the dream. You can also achieve your dream by having a strategy and a commitment to your dream. In conclusion, every dream is achievable when one loves his or her goals. Success comes with full responsibility for everything. When one is committed to achieving a certain goal in life, their mind is filled with several aspects of success. Young people need to have dreams that are achievable. People have achieved several dreams in life, not because of luck but because of commitment. A personal philosophy of success comes with full strategy and commitment, plus the right focus.

Contracting and Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contracting and Ethics - Assignment Example However, according to the records the individual was able to access non- public propriety information regarding the protester’s performance of the contract that was incumbent, thus appearing to be challenged procurement. Therefore AGPH should be excluded from the competitive bid as it used the services of a former government staff which is unethical with regard to government laws on contracts. With regard to protesting the bid, Government Accountability Office (GAO) will issue the decision arrived at regarding the protest within the hundred days after it has been filed. GAO considers protests that concerns awards of subcontracts by or sales of a federal agency, or of a federal agency, or procurements made by the government agencies other than the Federal agencies. According to Lebowitz (2009) asserted that If GAO finds out that the award is not in compliance with the regulations it may recommend the AGPH to pay the protester the costs of filing and pursuing the protest, and th e bid and proposal preparation. In addition, protests are dismissed on the basis of; contract administration; contracting officer’s affirmative responsibility; and procurement integrity. 2. Since TMA was in the Department of Defense (D.O.D) responsible for awarding and management of contracts. Through the issuance of an RFP the issuance of contracts was to undergo evaluation before being awarded. This includes using the technical approach, past performance and finally price/cost. By employing the services of a former employee of TMA it means the whole process is flawed as he had access to information not available to the public. Therefore, AGPH should have utilized the rating scheme for purpose of evaluating on technical merit. According to the Agency Report (AR) Tab 86, of the Source Selection Evaluation Guide (SSEG) at 11-12, a flaw in the proposal increases the risk of unsuccessful contract performance. Also, TMA should evaluate each of the sub factors stemming from propos al risk. With regard to assessment of the ethics issue relevance rating is vital. In assessment and assignment of performance the following rating scheme is utilized; exceptional, satisfactory, marginal and not satisfactory. TMA is to receive time proposals from entities like AGHP for the contracts of the North Region. TMA’s is to commence evaluation and selection process with the establishment of three evaluation teams: firstly is the technical evaluation team (TET), which is to evaluate technical proposals; performance assessment group (PAG), which evaluates past performance information of offeror’s; and the price/cost unit, tasked with analyzing the price/cost proposals. The teams’ findings are then to be submitted to the chairperson of the Source Selection Evaluation Board (SSEB), who prepares best value award recommendation and evaluation report for consideration by source selection authority (SSA). The SSA following advice from the source selection advisor y council (SSAC) makes the final decision on best value award (G.A.O, 2009). 3. So as to avoid malpractices in the bidding and contracting processes integrity is paramount. The AGPH and TMA should set integrity mechanisms in their organizations. It is useful to conduct interviews including the very key individuals within the TMA who presumably would have wider direct knowledge of the activities of the former government employee. Also

Discuss what is the importance of sex education in early childhood Dissertation

Discuss what is the importance of sex education in early childhood (3-8 years) and what is parents' attitude and teachers toward - Dissertation Example Education related to sex is for mounting youthful proficiencies so that they formulate knowledgeable preferences about their activities, and sense assurance and familiarity about performing on these options. It is extensively established that children possess right to be educated about their body and also should be imparted sex education as it is a method that aids them to safeguard and protect self in opposition to mistreatment, utilization, unplanned pregnancies, or from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV and AIDS. By imparting sex education, they are empowered to discuss issues influencing them, they do possess right get their requirements meet up, also assist these children to take pleasure and in understanding sexuality as well as their affiliations (Sex Education That Works). Apart from family atmosphere and preaching, school atmosphere plays an essential role in educating students about sexuality. Some schools educate their students about the subject as they are well eq uipped and feel it is necessary for the child development, while other schools never like to handle the subject (Kirby, 1999). Humans have developed a society with different temperaments, perplexing environment of varying morals, contentment seeking and progressiveness and open-minded attitudes. It is observed that children are coddled in adult sexual performance enhancing the rate of divorces between couples. This is tragic for the children as they are being pulled by their parents (Ketterman, 2007). According to Wight and Abraham (2000), it is necessary to develop sex education on the basis of theoretical knowledge. This programme is undergoing controlled research trial in UK. Wight and Abraham (2000) further state that it is difficult to translate research based conclusions drawn regarding imparting sex education into acceptable, replicable and potentially effective classroom lessons. It is imperative to incorporate the theoretical ideas with high precision and care to create an awareness in the classroom culture. It is evident that every teacher has a different skill to teach and the incorporated information must be explicit enough to be transmitted in the manner and procedure it should be (Wellings,, 2001). It is essential to have the appropriate directions to safeguard the children and future generations from any kind of mishap (Ogunjini, 2006). Sex education is required to develop a healthy approach as well as to afford the budding minds with a vision and an outlook so that the mistakes that were done in the past could not be repeated. The mistake encompassed the birth of AIDS and STDs, had sex education would have gained magnitude in the past and concern about educating individuals would have been started a few dreaded diseases could have been prevented (Ketterman, 2007; Bryan, 1996). According to Eyre and Eyre (1999), children must be educated in an explicit manner about the sex and sexuality. It is essential for them to have complete information and it is always better to start early as soon as the child is three years of age and till the child is eight, the child must be able to be aware about many things in life and should grasp the situations, happenings going around. Sexuality begins at birth. As soon as the child is born everyone likes to know- "a boy or a girl?" Children are classified by their gender and thus they learn to discriminate between

Why Do Small Businesses Fail And How To Minimize Risk Finance Essay

Why Do Small Businesses Fail And How To Minimize Risk Finance Essay Abstract It has been suggested that the impact of potential causes of small enterprise failure might be reduced if business owners got appropriate advice. This paper reports the results of a national study of small retail and service firms to determine the failure reasons of starting a business. Much of the literature indicates that success and failure of small businesses has a lot to do with preparation of the business owner. People who establish a plan for success are usually the people that have better chances of success with their small businesses.The primary audience for this paper are people who are considering starting their own business. A review of the literature was conducted to determine reasons for business failure. The paper concludes with suggestions of how might build on these efforts. Table of Contents Introduction P.4 2.0 Hypothesis Development P.5 3.0 What is business failure? P.5 4.0 Literature review 5.0 Method 5.1 Research Design 6.0 Statement of Results 7.0 Analysis and Discussion 8.0 Conclusion 9.0. Recommendations 10.0 References P. Introduction More and more people are considering starting their own business. By opening a business there could be large profit to be made. However, there are losses may occur as well. Some peoples argued that starting a business in a field that they know well would not fail. Knowing if starting a business at all is what most small businesses fails to consider. According to an SBA Study done in 2005, About 1/3 of Small Businesses fail in the first 2 years, and just over half fail within 4 years. (as citied in Shawn, 2009). These statistics are depressing for people looking to start up a new venture. Richard (2000) claimed SMEs in successful business networks can generate up to 50% more in gross revenues than firms that work in solitude. (p.12). However, Richard (2000) concluded that the most significant reason for this high failure rate is the inability of SMEs to make adequate use of essential business and management practices. (p.12). Abdelsamad and Kindling (1978) stated that although failure s cannot be completely avoided in a free enterprise system, the failure rate could be reduced if some of its causes are recognized and preventive action is taken. (p.24). It is important that small business owners evaluate if they are compatible with entrepreneurship in order to prevent from being part of the failure statistics. Most of the studies on business failure have been elaborated into a predictive perspective. Those business failure prediction literatures mainly analyses statistical models that tend to determine. Moreover, the predictive literature has strong limitations and it provides few clues as to why and how business failure takes place. In fact, predictive studies propose a classification of firms in a default and credit risk management perspective without giving any concrete information about the potential causes of their failure. With tough economic conditions, knowing the reasons business fail and how to avoid failure can increase your chances of success. The results of this study will benefit entrepreneurs to understand the factors of failure involved in new venture startup, to help entrepreneurs to balance between expectation and reality in the process of starting the businesses. The aim is to let business owners know more about preventive measures to avoid such failure and improve chances of success with good preparation and planning and insight. A brief literature review is presented in the next section, followed by the description of the sample and methodology, results and implications, and finally the summary and conclusions. Hypothesis Development People keen on starting a small business sometimes forget about the managerial and entrepreneurial skills necessary to run a business. According to Steiner and Solem (1988), key success factors in small manufacturing businesses would include an owner/manager with experience in the business or prior experience; adequate financial resources; a competitive advantage based upon customer and product specialization; and strategic planning.(p.5). (as citied in Linda Shonesy Robert D. Gulbro ,1998).When going to start a successful small business, you are required to have expertise in business planning, financial management, marketing, human resources management etc. Business knowledge should be on the top of any requirements for small business success. If you dont know anything about the products, how can you sell the products to customer? You can acquire this knowledge through trial and error when starting a small business, but you will probably have to declare bankruptcy before you learn them all. My theory is that lack of entrepreneurial skill is the main reasons of small business fail. Many people think the business would not be failed if resources provided, such as capital and manpower. Of course, financial management and business planning are also absolute necessities for being a successful entrepreneur. Certainly, you are unable to satisfy customers without these skills. In brief, the question is, however: is entrepreneurial skill the most important factor to prevent business failure? What do we mean by Small Business? Every country has own definition of small business. Some of them defined for different business sectors or industries, while some determined by number of employees. Typically, definitions are based on the number of people employed. For example the traditional definition in Germany had a limit of 500 employees, while in Belgium for 100. In the United States, small business is defined by the number of people employed and it refers to less than 100 employees. There are lots of different definitions of small and medium sized firms. In the recent literature, there is nevertheless a large tendency to differentiate between micro, small and medium size firms. Medium sized firms have a structure and an organization that tend to be closer to the ones of large firms and as the impact of human and psychological factors is less important in these firms than in smaller one. This research is based on the definition of small businesses adopted by the European Commissions definition (2003). Table 1 summarizes the criteria which delineate small business. Enterprise category Headcount Turnover or Balance sheet total medium-sized à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 50 million à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 43 million small à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 10 million à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 10 million micro à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 million à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 million Table 1: Definition of Small and Medium sized Enterprises (European Commission, 2003) Definition of Business failure We have to consider the meaning of the business failure concept during the research. Some researchers defined their meaning of failure as bankruptcy, while some researchers defined as discontinuance of a business for any reason. The concept of business failure has been differently defined according to the context and the characteristics of the sample of firms. Business entity does not follow the rules and achieves the goals set forth in their business firm, as a result, earning an adequate return and may caused discontinue existence. Business firm stops working due to retirement or businesses are sold for a profit without leaving any liabilities are not classified as a failure. According to Bruno Leidecker (2001), no two experts agree on a definition of business failure. Some conclude that failure only occurs when a firm files for some form of bankruptcy. Others contend that there are numerous forms of organizational death, including bankruptcy, merger, or acquisition. Still others argue that failure occurs if the firm fails to meet its responsibilities to the stakeholders of the organization, including employees, suppliers, the community as a whole, and customers, as well as the owners. (p.51-52).In this paper, business failure is considered as incapability of business firm to maintain due to loss of capital. Literature review There are many studies to better understand business failure. However, according to Gaskill, Van Auken and Manning (1993), there are many questions still to be resolved and warrant additional explorationprevious studies do not provide a comprehensive or unified explanation for small firm failure.(p.10) (as citied in Robert, 1996). Why some businesses fail and why some succeed is a matter of debate, although there are some common mistakes that can sink a business in no time. One key area that small business owners often overlook is the importance of planning. Dennis (2001) found that management skills could ensure that small and medium sized enterprises are better prepared to compete in domestic and international (p.52). It is required to know what kinds of planning you should do before starting the small business. It includes unplanned financial management and unplanned marketing research. The results of failure are many; however, no one is concerned on it. Therefore, the researchs p urpose is to discuss the significant reason of why small business failure. Poor Business Planning Small businesses often face variety of problems according to their size. Research indicates that poor planning is responsible for most business failures. Doug  Ã‚  Derek (2006) found that the single largest barrier to succession can be identified as those who do not have a succession plan.(p.308). People work hard to turn small businesses into successful enterprises. However, they have no plan for what will be happened to their business. Cause of bankruptcy often a result of poor planning rather than economic conditions.Most of the business owners who do not have succession plan indicated that it is too early to plan. However, Doug  Ã‚  Derek  (2006) found that professional advisers indicated it is never too early to start planning. (p.308). In contrast, it is a barrier to overcome if succession occurs over a short period of time. It is inadequate time for the business owner to plan and execute. Another reason why small businesses fail is poor planning of both finances and future growth. According to the Small Business Administration and the US Department of Commerces statistic, businesses that fail because their principals cannot, or do not, use financial information appropriately. (as citied in Brian, 2003).Some business owners often lack of the necessary start up funds and cannot come up with adequate financing. Business owners have to arrange adequate money on hand to cover all your financial needs of the business before starting their small business. Also, it is required to calculate how much money needs to carry out daily living expenses and how much money is required to run your business. Furthermore, some of them have no cash and expect either a bank to provide financing. They wrongly assume the banks will provide them with financing based only on their good ideas. But in most instances, the banks would not take into consideration as it reflects poorly the persons ability to manage finances if has no cash. And also, owners cannot ignore the demands of new ven ture. Many business owners do not know what they need to know and lack of the capital to hire experienced business advisors. Poor Financial Management Small business financial management is a vital aspect of growing a company. According to Mark H. Friedman, founder of Real Time Strategy, Small-business owners live and die for cash flow. (as citied in Nancy , 2006). The most important thing is the monitoring of working capital. This includes accounts receivables, accounts payable and especially cash on hand. Once lack of adequate working capital would affects the particular business. When business is going really well with cash coming in, small business owners tend not to prepare for the next round of business. And cash flow problem occur. Cash flow is a basic measure of a firms ability to maintain sufficient funding to pay off its current liabilities. The owner should know companys bottom line and make good decisions. They should take control of finances by coming up with a budget before purchasing or investing. In order to avoid overspending and hence invest effectively, small business owner should stabilize their cash flow. With this approach can ease a cash crunch, it also can increase the value of the business. Most business owners raise capital from banks. However, Daniel   Richard (2005) found that early stage capital is often the most difficult to raise. (p.64). In fact, it is difficult to raise the capital required in order to properly launch and sustain a business. It will be high cost even if the capital is available. It is crucial for a new business to maintain sufficient resources especially the capital because without proper financing, a new enterprise may find it difficult to compete with competition. The owners have to know how banks approves loan before submitting an application. Financial advisors can help in this situation. gd Lack of Entrepreneurial Skills Most of the peoples think that all it takes to run a business is money. That is not true. You could be an excellent salesperson but lack the skills to handle the seemingly mundane day-to-day skills needed to keep a business running. Entrepreneurs wont make money if cant sell products. Mostly during the startup phase of a new business, lack of entrepreneurial skills in an owner can cause a business to fail. This may not be true during the later growth and maturity periods of business where more administrative and management skills are required. A small firms performance outcome is a function of many variables, including individual owner characteristics, owner behaviors, and environmental influences. Entrepreneurs generally have a high need for achievement and social awareness, and they are high risk takers. Consequently, the personal and personality characteristics of an owner can be a cause of business failure. 5.0 Methodology Subjects 5.1 Research Design Data and Sample Instruments Procedure Data Collection 6.0 Statement of Results 7.0 Analysis and Discussion 8.0 Conclusion 9.0. Recommendations

Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) belongs to a class of autoimmune disorders that cause chronic joint inflammation as well as inflammation of the tissues surrounding the joints (Goronzy & Weyand, 2001, p. 55). Other organs in the body are also affected when the cells fail to differentiate self from non-self. The failure of the immune cells to differentiate the body’s own cells from the foreign or intruding cells leads to autoimmunity where the immune cells attack the body’s own cells. Usually, the immune system is organized in a way that it seeks and destroys the body’s invaders particular the pathogens. The antibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases always target the body’s own tissues and cause inflammation. The effects resulting from the self-attack spreads to multiple body organs and this condition is commonly referred to as rheumatic arthritis (Arthritis Foundation, 2010). Epidemiology Rheumatoid arthritis is perhaps the commonest of all rheumatoid diseases and it affects about 1. 3 million people in the U. S alone (Arthritis Foundation, 2010). Women are three times as riskier than men to be afflicted by the disease although the disease is common among all races in equal magnitude (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 1). The numbers of women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis are currently on the increase despite the recorded decline in numbers a few decades ago. The use of contraceptive pills containing insufficient estrogen as birth control measures has been blamed for the reduced immunity among women thus the increased cases of RA (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 5). Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking are also to blame for the increase in disease cases among women. Although the general smoking rates have declined in the United States, the rates of women smokers, separately considered, have not declined though. While genetic factors such as the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1 alleles have for long been suspected to cause aberrations in proteins in immune cells, this has not been proved yet (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 5). The risk among women has also been linked to the deficiency of vitamin D. Rheumatoid arthritis usually afflicts individuals of a wide range of ages although it is commonly begins after one has attained the age of 40 although it is rare beyond the age of 60 (Silman & Pearson, 2002, p. 267). It has also been shown that rheumatoid arthritis can occur in multiple members of the same family. This observation suggests the propensity that the disease is inheritable (Goronzy & Weyand, 2001, p. 55). A specific gene is suspected to be the underlying reason for the strange behavior of the immune cells attacking the body’s own cells. Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis Arthritis refers to some form of inflammation that occurs at the joints. Joints are points where two bones join each other and are critical for locomotion process. Rheumatoid arthritis results to the inflammation of the joint which is accompanied with severe pain, swelling, redness and stiffness in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to severe inflammation in tissues surrounding the joints such as ligaments, tendons and muscles. Chronic inflammation in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis can result into complete destruction of the bones, cartilage and ligaments thus leading to serious joint deformities. Usually, destruction of the joints can occur in early stages if development but gets worse as one advances in age (Arthritis Foundation, 2010). The main cause of RA is not well known although bacteria, viruses and fungi have for long been in the suspect list without any of the biological agents been proved. As for this reason, intensive research efforts are being invested in the identification of the causal agents for RA. Genetic causes and environmental infectious agents have been associated with the deranged immune system which goes out of control and attacks the body’s own cells (Goronzy & Weyand, 2001, p. 55). The deranged immune system results into massive joint and organ inflammation which leads to rheumatoid arthritis. The common organs affected include the eyes and the lungs. Specifically, the activation of lymphocytes marks the start of the process of inflammation. In the inflamed cells, a number of chemical messengers are expressed including the interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (Gupta & Fomberstein, 2002, p. 3). Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis experience episodic inflammatory symptoms depending on the extent of individual tissue inflammation. The disease is overly active following extensive tissue inflammation and becomes inactive after inflammation has subsided. The condition undergoes remission following treatment or spontaneously and this can last for several days to years. In remission stage, patients feel well again until the conditions flares (return of symptoms and course of the disease). Active symptoms of RA include energy loss, lack of appetite, fatigue, joint and muscle pain, stiffness and low-grade fever. The reddening and swelling of the joints at the point of inflammation is indicative of RA. The joints also become tender and overly painful and the synovium, which is the tissue lining the joints, gets inflamed leading to overproduction of joint fluids or synovial fluid (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 26). The inflammation of the synovium (synovitis) results mainly from its thickening. A number of organs and other body parts are affected in rheumatoid arthritis because the disease is a systemic condition. Specifically, the disease affects several body joints which are inflamed in a symmetrical manner mainly involving the small joints of the wrist and the hands (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 12). The wrists and the hands are affected and the patients afflicted by the disease get it difficult to even open jars and turn door knobs. RA also affects a number of small joints of the feet. However, when a single joint is affected, the arthritis presents as joint infection or gout. Damage to tissues, bones and cartilages results from chromic inflammation and this can eventually lead to a complete cartilage loss and bone and muscle weaknesses and erosion. Joints will become deformed, destroyed or may completely lose function. The vocal cords can be affected to a level of influencing the voice tone. The effect to the cricoarytenoid joint has been suggested to influence the voice tone and cause voice hoarseness of the afflicted individuals. Inflammation of the glands located in the mouth and eyes often cause dryness, a condition known as Sjogren’s syndrome. Chest pain associated with shortness of breath, deep breathing or coughing results from pleuritis or the inflammation of the linings of the lungs (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 18). Lungs tissues may become scarred, inflamed or rheumatoid nodules may form in the lungs. The pericardium or the tissues that surround the heart may become inflamed (pericarditis) and lead to massive chest pain especially when afflicted individuals lean forward or lie down (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 19). The total erythrocytes and leucocytes count immensely reduces and a reduction in red blood cells leads to anemia while a decrease in leucocytes results to the enlargement of the spleen, a condition known as the Felty’s syndrome (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 17). The region around the fingers and elbows may experience firm lumps known as the rheumatoid nodules (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 16). While rheumatoid nodules do not lead to any significant symptoms, they can be infected occasionally. In RA patients, the nerves may become pinched around the wrist area and result to carpal tunnel syndrome. While it is rare for patients to suffer from vasculitis, the condition is one of the serious complications associated with RA and can totally impair the supply of blood to the tissues and lead to necrosis or tissue death. In vasculitis, tiny black spots around the beds of nails or ulcerations of the legs are commonly visible. Treatments To date, there is no specific known treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. However, modern interventions have been directed towards reducing pain and inflammation of the joints and maximizing the functioning of the joints. With proper management such as X-ray monitoring, the damage to joints and improvement of joint functions can be achieved. A combination of medication, sufficient rest, joint protection, patient education and exercise to strengthen the joints has been proved effective (Clair, Pisetsky, & Haynes, 2001, p. 146). The treatment plan is not uniform among all patients but depends on the disease activity, general health of the patient, the age and occupation of the patient and the type of joints affected by RA. In all the treatment plans, there should be total cooperation between the patient, doctor and the family members. There are two main classes of drugs used in the management of RA: the first-line drugs or the fast-acting drugs and the second-line or the slow acting drugs. Among the first-line drugs include aspirin and corticosteroids such as cortisone which are used in the management of joint inflation and pain. Second-line or slow acting medications, also known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) include agents such as methotrexate, hydroxycholoroquine and gold (Arthritis Foundation, 2010). These agents increase the chances for disease remission and prevent any progressive destruction of the joints but do not act as anti-inflammatory agents (Arthritis Foundation, 2010). Since the level of destructiveness from RA varies with individuals, treatment options also differ among individuals. For instance, patients with less destructive forms of RA can be advised to have sufficient rest or given analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs to manage the condition. Second-line medications can be administered in a timely manner to improve the function and minimize joint destruction and disability within a short period following disease diagnosis. However, a great percentage of individuals suffering from aggressive form of RA require second-line drugs like methotrexate as well as the anti-inflammatory drugs. Different second-line drugs can also be given in combination regiment. In severe deformities of the joints, surgical procedure may be recommended to correct the deformities (Arthritis Foundation, 2010).

Pegomastax - Facts and Figures

Name: Pegomastax (Greek for thick jaw); pronounced PEG-oh-MAST-ax Habitat: Woodlands of southern Africa Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and five pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Prominent fangs; short bristles on body About Pegomastax Some of the most notable dinosaur discoveries dont involve going out into the field with a shovel and pickax, but examining long-forgotten fossil specimens that have been filed away in dank museum basements. Thats the case with Pegomastax, which was recently named by Paul Sereno after he examined a neglected collection of fossils from southern Africa, which had been discovered in the early 1960s and stashed in Harvard Universitys extensive archives. Pegomastax was certainly an odd-looking dinosaur, at least by the standards of the early Mesozoic Era. About two feet long from head to tail, this close relative of Heterodontosaurus was equipped with a parrot-like beak studded by two prominent canines. The porcupine-like bristles that covered its body are reminiscent of the short, stiff, feathery protrusions of another herbivorous dinosaur, the late Jurassic Tianyulong, which was also an early ornithopod of the heterodontosaur family. Given its presumed plant-eating diet, why did Pegomastax have such sizable canines? Sereno speculates that this feature evolved not because Pegoamastax snacked occasionally on insects or rotting carcasses, but because it needed to a) defend itself against larger theropod dinosaurs and b) compete for the right to mate. If longer-toothed males were more likely to survive predation, and also more likely to attract females, you can see why natural selection would have favored Pegomastaxs fangs.

How Linguistic Ethnographers Blommaert And. Borba...

In the present essay, we have seen how linguistic ethnographers Blommaert and Borba conceptualize ethnographic research in their two works, what function language had in the observed, situated interactions and how it was approached to further investigate larger frameworks. Besides the more technical aspects, we have seen that in both accounts, language plays a crucial role in the reproduction of inequality and some sociologic and ethnographic concepts, when applied to observation of linguistic forms, can help to grasp the larger structures regimenting institutional practices. 2 Source : http://www.Colorado.EDU/English/ENGL2012Klages/1997foucault.html Student number: 1568114 14 Overall, the two accounts are not incompatible, even if they†¦show more content†¦Student number: 1568114 15 REFERENCES Androutsopoulos, J. (2014) Mediatization and Sociolinguistic Change. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH Bauman, R. Briggs, C. (1990) Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology (19) 59-88 Blommaert, J. (2015) Pierre Bourdieu and language in society. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies #126. At www.tilburguniversity.edu Blommaert, J. (2005) Bourdieu the Ethnographer – The ethnographic Grounding of Habitus and Voice. The Translator # 11 (2) 219-236. At www.academia.edu Borba, R. (2015) How an individual becomes a subject. Discourse, interaction subjectification at a Brazilian gender identity clinic. Working Papers in Urban Language Literacies #163. At www.kcl.ac.uk/ldc Bourdieu, P. (1972) Esquisse d’une thà ©orie de la pratique prà ©cedà © de Trois à ©tudes d’à ©thnologie kabile. Paris: Seuil Bourdieu, P. (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Massachussets: Harvard University Press. Bourdieu, P. (1990a) The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press Bourdieu, P. (2000) Making the Economic Habitus: Algerian Workers Revisited.